Highlights Okara peptides were prepared by high-pressure homogenization-assisted double enzymes. The method can improve the extraction rate of okara proteins by 69% and 51%. Antioxidant and immune activity were compared, and HPH-VAP was screened out. 116 okara peptides were identified from HPH-VAP by HPLC-MS/MS. The release of cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ was elevated.

Dietary fiber, which is utilized to make functional meals, is an important component for promoting human health and managing calorie consumption. In this study, three different particle sizes of OIDF (Okara insoluble dietary fiber) were characterized. Their lipid-lowering effects and the impacts on gut microbiota were determined by OIDF intervention in high-fat diet rats. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the three particle sizes of OIDF have different morphologies. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results showed that the three sources of IDF samples have similar active groups, but the thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that three different particle sizes of OIDF have different retention and crystallinity. Among the three OIDFs, OIDF-10 exhibited the stronger WSC, OHC, CAC, and SCAC. The results after the feeding showed that the OIDF of three particle sizes could improve the elevation of blood lipids and the disturbance of gut microbiota caused by the high-fat diet. Therefore, this study demonstrated the functional significance of the three particle sizes of OIDF and provided a reference for its application in functional food processing, aiming at maintaining healthy blood lipid and intestinal flora levels.

X-linked immunodeficiency with Magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and Neoplasia (XMEN) is a primary immune deficiency caused by mutations in MAGT1 and is characterized by chronic infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), CD4 lymphopenia, severe chronic viral infections, and defective T-lymphocyte activation. Herein, we described an XMEN patient carrying a MAGT1 p.Arg331* mutation that presented with prominent muscle involvement. The PET-CT and lower limbs MRI showed diffuse muscle inflammation. Histopathology staining revealed the infiltrated lymphocytes were stained with CD3, CD20, and EBER. We monitored the patient’s in-depth immunophenotype at the first visit and after two months of oral Mg 2+ supplementation. We noticed obviously decreased CD127 expression in CD4 + T cells, which could be reversed by Mg 2+ supplementation. Our findings suggested that the decreased CD127 expression may be an additional biomarker of XMEN.

High purity insoluble dietary fiber (HPIDF) was extracted from Okara by compound enzyme method, and solid emulsifiers with different particle sizes were prepared by wet grinding. Its composition, structure and physicochemical properties were studied, and the influence mechanism of solid emulsifiers with different particle sizes on emulsifying properties and interface stability of Pickering emulsion was systematically studied. The results showed that the particle size of HPIDF decreased significantly, the ζ-potential, contact Angle and swelling capacity of HPIDF ncrease significantly (p < 0.05). HPIDF forms an adsorption layer at the oil-water interface, and some of them are connected to form a bridge network structure, which plays a role of steric hindrance. And the emulsion has excellent stability under different environmental factors. HPIDF are suitable raw materials as natural food-grade solid emulsifiers. It is cost-effective and eco-friendly to realize the high-value utilization of Okara resources, reduce resource waste, and extend the industrial chain.