Background: Targeted therapy (TT), chemotherapy, and traditional Chinese medicine herbal treatment (TCM) can improve the prognosis of advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients. Their independent prognostic value is unknown. Objective: To study whether TCM improves survival in stage IV pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with platinum-based chemotherapy (PBT), or combined PBT and second-line TT. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 133 fully ambulant clinical outpatients treated with PBT alone or PBT with/without second-line TT, with/without TCM. Univariate (Kaplan-Meier) and multivariable (Cox model) survival analysis were performed, using disease-specific mortality as an endpoint. Results: Gender (P = .002), TT (P < .0001), and TCM (P < .0001) had univariate prognostic value but not age, radiotherapy, or TCM syndrome differentiation (P > .10). TCM herbal treatment (P < .0001) and TT (P = .03) had multivariable independent prognostic value. TCM-treated patients (n = 103, PBT+TT+TCM+ = 62; PBT+TT−TCM+ =41) had 88% 1-year overall survival rate with median survival time (MST) of 27 months, contrasting 27% 1-year overall survival and MST of 5.0 months for non-TCM-treated (n = 30) patients. Patients with chemotherapy/TT/TCM (PBT+TT+TCM+, n = 62), TCM without TT (PBT+TT−TCM+, n = 41), or chemotherapy only (PBT+TT−TCM−, n = 30), had 1-year survival rates of 94%, 78%, and 27% respectively; for these 3 groups, respectively, MST was not reached (MST of 30.9 months), 22.6, and 5.0 months (P < .0001). Conclusions: TCM herbal treatment may improve survival of stage IV pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients treated with chemotherapy without or with second-line TT. This warrants formal phase 1 and 2 trials and ultimately properly designed prospective clinical validation trials with adequate methodology developed for data collection.
CaTiO3:Pr3+ was prepared by high temperature solid state reaction and measured by SEM, XRD, excitation and emission spectra. The samples obtained possessed orthorhombic crystal structure of CaTiO3, belonging to Pbnm space group. Excitation spectra of the samples were broad band, their peaks and shoulder peaks were located at about 335nm, 379nm respectively. Emission spectra were single narrow band, emission peaks were located at about 602nm, corresponding to emission of 1D2→3H4 of Pr3+ion. The addition of Eu3+and Dy3+ as co-activator led phosphorescent intensity to greatly enhance, the addition of AgNO3 as ion compensator made the samples material pink and vibrant.
The turbo air classifier is one of the most widely used equipment in powder classification. The complex flow behaviour inside it, however, prevents material experiments from providing information about its internal separation mechanisms. A study of the interaction of structural variables is therefore undertaken examining air flow behaviour, specifically the air flow between the blades of the rotor cage. The investigation of these flow field characteristics made use of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the air flow in the classifier. It was found that the inlet velocity of the turbo air classifier and the rotary speed of the rotor cage are two of the dominating, non-structural factors that affect velocity distributions in the region between the rotor cage blades. Once the inlet velocity settles, a critical rotary speed must be present to smoothen the flow field between the blades, resulting in an excellent classification performance. Three-dimensional velocity measurements of the region between the blades by laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) were performed to test the results of the flow field simulation. This revealed that when inlet velocity is invariable, the velocity distributions in the region between the blades are at its most symmetric with the critical rotary speed of the rotor cage making it more favourable for classification. The velocity measurement results are likewise in good agreement with the results of the flow field simulation. Newly structured rotor cages are also simulated and compared with a conventional turbo air classifier, air flow in the newly structured model is smoother. The distributions of radial and tangential velocities are more symmetric and the trend of the rotating vortex between the blades attenuates, particularly when the rotary speed is high. The newly structured rotor cages can therefore achieve higher classification performances.
Talc powder is widely used in building engineering, especially preparation for coating, waterproof material and ceramics. With increasing demands for building material quality, the requirement for the particle fineness and particle-size distribution of talc power becomes higher than ever. A new method of process parameters analysis on turbo air classifier for talc powder is put forward in this paper. The effect of the two process parameters on a classification performance index is reflected visually through the 3-D drawing based on Matlab, so the one-dimensional process parameter analysis method is expanded to the two-dimensional process parameters analysis method. In the present study, a turbo air classifier is used as the classification system and fine talc powder is used as materials. The sample data is gathered through setting different process parameters. The experiment results show that process parameters analysis can be implemented quickly and visually. In actual production applications of turbo air classifier system, the user can select the suitable process parameters flexibly considering the production requirements according to the 3-D meshes based on Matlab. This method is also applicable for classification of other powder.
Transparent conductive ITO films were fabricated on soda lime float glass substrate by colloid dip-coating technique from indium metal ingots and hydrous tin(IV) chloride. It was systematically studied that the effect of the electrical, the structure and optical properties of the ITO doped Sn in quantitative change and different heat-treating process by XRD, UV-VIS spectrophotometer and four-probe instrument. The results indicated that only cubic In2O3 phase was observed from the X-ray diffraction; with the amount of doped Snincreasing, the sheet resistance of ITO was up to minimumand thenincreased. The sheet resistance value decreased with the increase of the annealing temperature and holding time; the transmissivity of the ITO films was higher than 80% in 550 nm wavelength. The lowest sheet resistance value of ITO film which was 300nm thick was 153 ohms per square, which wasannealed at 600°C for 1h and doped Sn 10% (wt).
The classification performance of a dry classifier depends on cut size, classification accuracy, classification efficiency, classifier process capability, and yield of fine powders, which should meet the required particle-size distribution. Consequently, the classification performance indices limit each other and only a comprehensive assessment of these classification performance indices can evaluate the classification performance truly and synthetically. In the present paper, the Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to calculate the weights of the classification performance indices after determining the hierarchical model. The dimensionless transformation eliminates the effect of the different dimensions. Then, the comprehensive assessed value of the classification performance for each experiment is obtained using the linear weighted method. The maximum value corresponds to the best classification performance among these assessed values. In the present study, a turbo air classifier was used as the classification system and talc powders were used as materials. The best classification performance indices were a cut size of 21 μm, a classification precision index of 0.6, a Newton classification efficiency of 61%, and a yield of fine powders of 57%. The corresponding optimal operational parameter combination consists of a feeding speed of 1.1 kg/min, a wind speed of 8 m/s, and the rotary speed of its rotor cage is 1200 rpm. This assessment method avoids the limitation of evaluating a single classification performance index and the incomplete information derived from single factor experiments. Furthermore, the method also provides quantitative evaluation criteria for the classification performance of a dry classifier. In the proposed method, the classification performance indices can be selected and the comparison matrix can be set flexibly according to production requirements.
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