The temporal output characteristics of an all-fiber gain-switched thulium-doped fiber laser near threshold are investigated experimentally and numerically. The pulse repetition rate and pulse energy of the 1550 nm pump source are found to be two important parameters that affect the laser performance. Adjusting these two parameters, three different output working states, namely no lasing state, unstable state, and steady state, are observed experimentally. Particularly, in the unstable state relatively stable output pulse trains with repetition rate trisecting (PRR 1/3) and halving (PRR 1/2) with respect to the pump source are found. The experimental results together with corresponding numerical simulation afford a deep insight into the related lasing mechanisms.
The transparent ITO multi-layers films were fabricated on quartz glass substrate by colloid
dip-coating technique from indium metal ingots and stannic chloride. It was systematically
studied that the effect of the electrical properties of the ITO on doped Sn in quantitative change,
different dip-coating technological conditions such as thermal treatment process, coating number
plies by four-probe instrument. From the 5 wt. % Sn to 20 wt. % Sn, with the amount of doped
Sn increasing, the sheet resistance of ITO was up to minimum and then increased. Sintering
temperature and holding time were the reasons for the electrical properties of the ITO films,
when other parameters are unaltered. It is also concluded that coating number plies was play an
important role on electrical properties of ITO films by sheet resistance. From the results of
research, it can be seen that the multi-layer films has optimum characteristics, whose sheet
resistance is 117'/□, when the use level of Sn is 10%wt,heated in 800°C 15min with repeated
dip-coating seven times..
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.