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: GPS signal delay that caused by dry gases and water vapor in troposphere is a main error source of GPS point positioning and it must be eliminated for precise point positioning. In this paper, we implemented to generate tropospheric delay grid map over the Korean Peninsula based on post-processing method by using the GPS permanent station network in order to determine the availability of tropospheric delay generation algorithm. GIPSY 5.0 was used for GPS data process and nationwide AWS observation network was used to calculate the amount of dry delay and wet delay separately. As the result of grid map's accuracy analysis, the RMSE between grid map data and GPS site data was 0.7mm in ZHD, 7.6mm in ZWD and 8.5mm in ZTD. After grid map accuracy analysis, we applied the calculated tropospheric delay grid map to single frequency relative positioning algorithm and analyzed the positioning accuracy enhancement. As the result, positioning accuracy was improved up to 36% in case of relative positioning of Suwon(SUWN) and Mokpo (MKPO), that the baseline distance is about 297km.

In this study, global positioning system (GPS)-derived precipitable water vapor (PWV) and microwave radiometer (MWR)-measured integrated water vapor (IWV) were compared and their characteristics were analyzed. Comparing those two quantities for two years from August 2009, we found that GPS PWV estimates were larger than MWR IWV. The average differ ence over the entire test period was 1.1 mm and the standard deviation was 1.2 mm. When the discrepancies between GPS PWV and MWR IWV were analyzed depending on season, the average difference was 0.7 mm and 1.9 mm in the winter and summer months, respectively. Thus, the average difference was about 2.5 times larger in summer than that in winter. However, MWR IWV measurements in the winter months were over-estimated than those in the summer months as the water vapor content got larger. The results of the diurnal analysis showed that MWR IWV was underestimated in the daytime, showing a difference of 0.8 mm. In the early morning hours, MWR IWV has a tendency to be over-estimated, with a difference of 1.3 mm with respect to GPS PWV.

The effect of deciduous trees growing above antenna height on data collected by permanent Global Positioning System (GPS) stations was investigated. Signal blockage due to foliage and branches was found to have the same effect as an increased elevation cutoff angle, i.e., there was a change in the computed position. Height estimates were affected the most, showing a decrease with tree growth. Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis on the height-time series from five test sites and two stations surrounded by trees showed a similar EOF mode of signal. Signal availability, computed as the ratio of the complete to possible set of observations, decreased with increasing tree growth and showed seasonal variation, with the observation ratios being higher during the winter months when the leaves had fallen. A similar seasonal variation was observed in multipath error and signal attenuation due to foliage. The multipath error index MP2 was computed using the TEQC program and found to increase at a significant rate at sites with growing trees. Signal attenuation was analyzed using 1-σ uncertainties from the estimation process of daily GPS data processing. While 1-σ uncertainties did not show any seasonal variations at sites without trees, they were highly dependent on conditions related to the seasonal change of foliage when deciduous trees were near the antenna.