Terpenoids screening were carried out using Liebermann Burchard and Salkowski reagent on the extract of Saputangan leaves. It showed that the leaves contained terpenoid compounds with appeared of a reddish brown ring in the extract and a reddish brown stain appeared on the TLC plate tested with 1% CeSO4 reagent in 10% H2SO4. The macerate of saputangan leaves processed separation using the partition method (Liquid-liquid Extraction). Extracts dissolved with methanol were partitioned with n-Hexane and then partitioned between aquadest and ethyl acetate in a ratio of 1: 1 to obtain 50 g of total terpenoids. Furthermore, TLC analysis was performed on total terpenoids using n-hexane: ethyl acetate (80:20 v/v) solvent to obtain 11 separate stains on the TLC plate with different Rf each. Analysis was enhanced in HPLC using 100% acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid at a wavelength of 210 nm, a flow rate of 0.500 mL/min and eluted for 30 minutes. Based on the HPLC results, there were 25 peaks which indicated the presence of total terpenoid compounds with the highest peak being peak no. 8 (ret.time's 6.234, area's 8503532 and height's 276032), peak no. 9 (ret.time's 6.674, area's 3322572 and height's 141859) and peak no. 10 (ret.time's 7.288, area's 2758231 and height's 103927)
Natural products can be used as an alternative in the treatment of various diseases such as infectious diseases due to the bioactive compounds contained therein. Moreover nowdays, there are many antibiotic resistance in the treatment of infectious diseases. Citrus maxima is one of the natural products. Citrus maxima have been used for many diseases in traditional medicine.The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of flavonoid-rich fractions of citrus maxima peel extract. The bioactive compounds contained in Citrus maxima peel were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Fractionation was conducted using liquid-liquid extraction using a solvent of water and ethyl acetate obtained ethyl acetate fraction. In this fraction, the TLC test was carried out to confirm the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The antibacterial activity testing for ethyl acetate fraction against S.aureus and E.coli was determined by disk diffusion method with concentration of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm. The ciprofloxacin and distilled water were used as positive and negative control, respectively. The result of this study showed that ethyl acetate fraction ( flavonoid-rich fractions) Of Citrus Maxima has potential as antibacterial for bacterial S.aureus and E.coli with medium inhibitory ability in all of concentration ranges. The highest inhibition zone for S.aureus was found at a concentration of 100 ppm while for E.coli was at a concentration of 75 ppm.
The Phytochemical screening test to identify secondary metabolites of Saputangan leaves extract (Maniltoa grandiflora (A.Gray) Scheff) showed positive results on phenolic and terpenoid compounds. The reagent used for phenolic screening was 5% FeCl3 and reagent for screening terpenoid was 1% CeSO4 in 10% H2SO4. Antibacterial test was carried out by agar diffusion method on extracts of DMSO Saputangan leaves. Phenolic compound obtained from extract of Saputangan leaves were 36.96 gram where the result was obtained after maceration, partitioning and evaporation processes. Antibacterial of phenolic compound was observed based on inhibitory zone diameters of phenolic compounds formed using paper discs with a diameter of 6 mm. The diameters of the inhibition zone against Escherichia coli bacteria are 8.1; 8.5 and 9.7 mm larger than the diameter of the inhibition zone in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at 7.3; 7.8 and 8.5 mm. Then it can be stated that DMSO extracts of phenolic compound with concentrations (0.25; 0.50 and 1.00 mg / ml) have antibacterial strength at the medium level where the average inhibition zone of S. aureus bacteria is 7.87 mm and the average inhibition zone in E. coli bacteria is 8.76 mm.
Saputangan leaves contained terpenoids which appeared reddish brown rings when tested using Liebermann Burchard, Salkowski and cerric sulfate. Saputangan leaves were macerated, then partitioned to obtain total terpenoids using a separatory funnel while checking filtrate partition with cerric sulfate. Extracts dissolved with methanol were partitioned with n-Hexane and then partitioned between aquadest and ethyl acetate in a ratio of 1: 1 to obtain 50 g of total terpenoids. TLC analyses was performed on total terpenoids using n-hexane: acetone (80:20 v/v) solvent. The total terpenoids were proved that terpenoids have 11 terpenoids as red stain based on their Rf. Based on the results of tests conducted on participants involved in socialization, it was stated that around 98% of participants had understood terpenoid compounds.
Phytochemical screening test proved that the extract of Reeds (Imperata cylindrica) contained phenolic compounds tested using 5% FeCl3 reagent. Antibacterial test using agar diffusion method against Reeds extract in DMSO solvent. The phenolic compounds obtained from the saputangan leaves Reeds extract were 36.96 grams after undergoing maceration. Reeds extract of phenolic compounds with concentrations (200; 100; 50 and 25 ppm) had strength antibacterial where the average inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was 10.0 mm and the average inhibition zone was at Escherichia coli bacteria measuring 10.3 mm.
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