We have developed dye-sensitized solar cells using novel sensitizers with enhanced transmittance of red (625–675 nm) and blue (425–475 nm) wavebands to control the illumination condition in the greenhouse. Novel ruthenium bipyridyl sensitizers with general formulas (Me3PhN)4[Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2] (JJ-7) and (Me3BnN)4[Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2] (JJ-9) have been synthesized and demonstrated as efficient sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells for greenhouse application. Under standard AM 1.5 sunlight, the solar cell ofJJ-7using a liquid-based electrolyte exhibits a short-circuit photocurrent density of 8.49 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.83 V, and a fill factor of 0.71, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency of 4.96% on 5 μm TiO2film. The transmittance ofJJ-7andJJ-9shows 62.0% and 61.0% at 660 nm and 18.0% and 15.0% at 440 nm for cultivation on 5 μm TiO2film, respectively.
The one‐pot regioselective consecutive multihalogenation of 2,2′‐bithiophene (1) was demonstrated. Compound 1 was consecutively halogenated with lithium halides such as lithium bromide, chloride, and/or iodide in the presence of lead tetraacetate in chloroform at room temperature or under reflux conditions to give 5‐bromo(or chloro)‐5′‐iodo(or chloro)‐, 3‐bromo(or chloro)‐5,5′‐dibromo(or dichloro, diiodo)‐, 3,3′‐dibromo‐(or dichloro)‐5,5′‐diiodo(or dibromo, dichloro)‐, and 3,3′,5‐tribromo(or trichloro)‐5′‐iodo(or bromo)‐2,2′‐bithiophenes. Notably, this process offers a regioselective method for consecutive multihalogenation in one pot, and the yields and selectivity are also higher than those obtained in the step‐by‐step and concurrent halogenation methods.
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