The tomato cultivation in the Amazon is not feasible mainly due to the natural infestation of Ralstonia solanacearum in the soil. Preventive control through grafting has been one of the main alternatives to manage this problem. This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of Solanaceae genotypes as rootstocks for 'Santa Clara' tomato, aiming to control the bacterial wilt. Five rootstocks were evaluated: cubiu; red jurubeba; jurubebão; commercial hybrid tomato rootstock Guardião; and 'Santa Clara' tomato (self-grafting). In the seedling phase, characteristics of rootstock survival rate and compatibility were evaluated; while, in the field, that happened for survival rate, compatibility and fruit yield. In the seedling phase, Guardião and red jurubeba showed the best performances. In the field, red jurubeba presented a low compatibility, although it obtained the best productive performance among the wild rootstocks. Guardião obtained the best compatibility and yield among the studied rootstocks. Grafting is a viable technique for tomato production under soil-borne disease conditions.
The aim of this study was to verify the pattern and the spatial and temporal behavior of the corn earworm and corn-silk fly in the corn crop. Hybrid corn was planted without chemical insect control in one hectare, this area was divided into 100 plots of 100 m². For the occurrence of Euxesta spp. all parts of the plants were visually analyzed, whereas for Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) 10 ears were removed at random from each plot, totaling 1,000 ears per sample. Population fluctuation was related to the phenological stages of corn. For spatial behavior, the dispersion indices, frequency distribution models and geostatistics (Krigagem) were analyzed. The corn earworm (small and large) and corn-silk fly showed aggregate pattern and spatial behavior. The reach of caterpillars <1 cm had an area of influence greater than caterpillars > 1 cm, with spatial dependence being considered moderate. The corn-silk fly had a maximum area of influence of 1.33 ha with moderate and weak spatial dependence. The maps demonstrated that these insects occur dispersed throughout the corn area, but with aggregations influenced by the adjacent areas and edges of the crop. The largest occurrence of corn earworms was at the R3 stage. It was also found that the corn-silk fly followed the occurrence of the corn earworm. It is concluded that the studied pests have an aggregate spatial tendency in the corn crop and with the influence of adjacent areas, in addition to presenting related population peaks in the reproductive period of the corn crop.
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