Lawsonia intracellularis is a bacterium already described in several species and most prevalent in pigs, in which it causes enteric problems. Horses can also be affected, developing a disease known as equine proliferative enteropathy, which results from the proliferation of intestinal crypt cells in response to infection by the bacterium. Despite the existence of reports of the disease in several countries, including Brazil, there are still no reports of the disease or epidemiological studies of its occurrence in symptomatic or asymptomatic horses in the state of Paraná. Thus, the present study was conducted to examine the occurrence of L. intracellularis in asymptomatic horses raised in the west, northwest and north regions of Paraná by means of serological testing and the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. In the serological approach, the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) technique was employed. Feces were processed and subjected to qPCR. In total, samples were collected from 162 animals from 20 farms. Of these, 9/162 (5.55%) showed specific antibodies against L. intracellularis. Real-time PCR, on the other hand, identified 7/162 (4.32%) fecal samples positive for the presence of the bacterium. When the techniques were compared, none of the samples was positive by both, demonstrating that, for a better diagnosis, they must be performed together. In contrast to most reports in horses, the present study describes higher serological and molecular occurrence in animals older than two years. These results are of great epidemiological relevance, as they indicate that the bacterium is present in the sampled regions of the state of Paraná. Therefore, the disease must be included in the differential diagnosis of diseases with similar clinical manifestations.
A crise sanitária imposta pela pandemia de COVID-19 proporcionou mudanças nas universidades, as quais precisaram organizar-se para garantir o desenvolvimento das atividades acadêmicas, como a realização de projetos de extensão. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar o uso da internet e de mídias sociais, como estratégias extensionistas, desenvolvidas pelo ‘Projeto Boas Práticas de Manipulação em Serviços de Alimentação: Avaliação e Orientação para a Produção de Alimentos Seguros’ durante a pandemia de COVID-19. As atividades relatadas foram realizadas entre abril de 2020 e maio de 2022 pela equipe extensionista. Reuniões remotas foram realizadas para reorganizar as atividades propostas, tais como: elaboração de materiais instrucionais e criação de um perfil no Instagram. Três cartilhas sobre temas na área de segurança de alimentos e COVID-19 foram elaboradas. Além disso, foram compartilhados conteúdos relacionados ao tema do projeto no Instagram, o que totalizou 91 publicações. Cartilhas e rede social apresentaram repercussão no público-alvo e demonstraram a importância de adaptar-se a atividade extensionista. Conclui-se que a importância de usar a internet e as redes sociais em atividades extensionistas é evidente, pois agregaram valor ao processo de aprendizagem dos discentes envolvidos e proporcionam ao público-alvo maior alcance ao projeto de extensão.
Background: Intravascular lymphoma (IL) is a rare disease characterized by presence of neoplastic lymphocytes in the lumen of blood vessels. Any tissue can be affected; however, the most frequently compromised areas of the body are the skin and the central nervous system (CNS). The clinical signs and macroscopic alterations caused by IL are nonspecific and are usually secondary to a continuous proliferative disorder, which leads to occlusion of the blood vessels with consequent thrombosis, hemorrhage and infarction. The objective of this work is to report a case of IL in a dog.Case: An 8-year-old male Rottweiler dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná with a history of cerebellar ataxia that had not improved after treatment. At the neurological examination, cerebellar ataxia and deficit of nasal reflex were detected. A complete blood count showed presence of slight anemia (4.8 million red blood cells/mm3; normal ranges= 5.5-8.5 million/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (176.000/mm3; normal ranges= 250.000-500.000/mm3). Biochemical tests revealed a small increase in alanine aminotransferase (42 IU/L; normal ranges= 14-38 IU/L) and a slight decrease in alkaline phosphatase (49 IU/L; normal ranges= 90-170 IU/L). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exhibited an increased protein concentration (147.3 mg/dL; normal ranges= 18-44 mg/dL) and pleocytosis (8 cells/µL; normal ranges= up to 5 cells/µL). No alterations were observed at radiographic and ultrasonographic exams. A clinical treatment was prescribed; however, in view of the worsening of the clinical signs, euthanasia was performed, and the body was submitted to a Laboratory of Pathology. At necropsy, moderate multifocal ulcers were observed in the oral cavity and ventral side of the tongue; moderately infarcted areas were detected in the spleen. Additional alterations such as fatty liver degeneration, glomerulonephritis, and pulmonary edema were also observed. Consequently, fragments from various tissues were collected, fixed in 10% formaldehyde, and processed for paraffin embedding and microtomy. Sections with a thickness of 5 µm were cut, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopically, the cerebral cortex exhibited a marked number of round neoplastic cells with well-defined edges and scant cytoplasm filling the vascular lumen. Similar cells were observed in the lumen of the blood vessels in the cerebellum, spinal cord, liver, lungs, kidneys, and mucocutaneous junction. The cerebellum, mucocutaneous junction, and kidneys were submitted to immunohistochemical evaluation. The results were consistent with T cell lymphoma in the telencephalon, in the mucocutaneous junction, and in the cerebellum; however, the neoplastic cells observed in the kidneys were not positively stained by the antibodies used.Discussion: Since, in this neoplasia, there is no formation of solid tumors as in other lymphomas, the diagnosis is more difficult both clinically and macroscopically, and hence a combination of immunohistochemistry and microscopy are indispensable. Immunohistochemistry for detection of the markers CD3, CD45RA, CD20, PAX5 and CD79a was essential to determine the cell type especially in the mucocutaneous junction, telencephalon, and cerebellum. Absence of staining for any of these markers on the neoplastic cells in the kidneys may be associated with a high degree of cellular undifferentiation, which worsens the prognosis. This case report highlights the importance of the combination of histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations with laboratory tests and the clinical picture of the animal for the diagnosis of this neoplasia, which can be difficult to identify.
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