Um dos principais problemas sanitários da suinocultura é a alta prevalência de doenças respiratórias, que podem ser causadas por uma série de agentes bacterianos e virais. Visando identificar os agentes bacterianos causadores das lesões pulmonares que geram condenação de carcaça de suínos, os pulmões de 150 animais em idade de abate foram submetidos a exames anatomopatológicos e bacteriológicos. Foram escolhidas as lesões pulmonares que causaram o desvio das carcaças na linha do abate para o Departamento de Inspeção Final do Serviço de Inspeção Federal. Pelo exame macroscópico as lesões foram classificadas em broncopneumonia supurativa, broncopneumonia fibrinosa, pleurite ou pneumonia embólica. Na pesquisa bacteriológica isolou-se Pasteurella multocida Tipo D (27,3%), Pasteurella multocida Tipo A (24%), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (13,3%), Streptococcus suis (6,7%), Arcanobaterium pyogenes (5,3%) e outras bactérias (10,0%). Dentre o total de amostras, 16,7% foram negativas. As lesões de onde se isolou P. multocida e A. pleuropneumoniae foram classificadas, em sua maioria, como broncopneumonia fibrinosa ou sequelas desta lesão. Streptococcus sp e A. pyogenes relacionaram-se com pequenos abscessos, em lesões com características de pneumonia embólica ou broncopneumonia supurativa.
Background: Intravascular lymphoma (IL) is a rare disease characterized by presence of neoplastic lymphocytes in the lumen of blood vessels. Any tissue can be affected; however, the most frequently compromised areas of the body are the skin and the central nervous system (CNS). The clinical signs and macroscopic alterations caused by IL are nonspecific and are usually secondary to a continuous proliferative disorder, which leads to occlusion of the blood vessels with consequent thrombosis, hemorrhage and infarction. The objective of this work is to report a case of IL in a dog.Case: An 8-year-old male Rottweiler dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná with a history of cerebellar ataxia that had not improved after treatment. At the neurological examination, cerebellar ataxia and deficit of nasal reflex were detected. A complete blood count showed presence of slight anemia (4.8 million red blood cells/mm3; normal ranges= 5.5-8.5 million/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (176.000/mm3; normal ranges= 250.000-500.000/mm3). Biochemical tests revealed a small increase in alanine aminotransferase (42 IU/L; normal ranges= 14-38 IU/L) and a slight decrease in alkaline phosphatase (49 IU/L; normal ranges= 90-170 IU/L). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exhibited an increased protein concentration (147.3 mg/dL; normal ranges= 18-44 mg/dL) and pleocytosis (8 cells/µL; normal ranges= up to 5 cells/µL). No alterations were observed at radiographic and ultrasonographic exams. A clinical treatment was prescribed; however, in view of the worsening of the clinical signs, euthanasia was performed, and the body was submitted to a Laboratory of Pathology. At necropsy, moderate multifocal ulcers were observed in the oral cavity and ventral side of the tongue; moderately infarcted areas were detected in the spleen. Additional alterations such as fatty liver degeneration, glomerulonephritis, and pulmonary edema were also observed. Consequently, fragments from various tissues were collected, fixed in 10% formaldehyde, and processed for paraffin embedding and microtomy. Sections with a thickness of 5 µm were cut, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopically, the cerebral cortex exhibited a marked number of round neoplastic cells with well-defined edges and scant cytoplasm filling the vascular lumen. Similar cells were observed in the lumen of the blood vessels in the cerebellum, spinal cord, liver, lungs, kidneys, and mucocutaneous junction. The cerebellum, mucocutaneous junction, and kidneys were submitted to immunohistochemical evaluation. The results were consistent with T cell lymphoma in the telencephalon, in the mucocutaneous junction, and in the cerebellum; however, the neoplastic cells observed in the kidneys were not positively stained by the antibodies used.Discussion: Since, in this neoplasia, there is no formation of solid tumors as in other lymphomas, the diagnosis is more difficult both clinically and macroscopically, and hence a combination of immunohistochemistry and microscopy are indispensable. Immunohistochemistry for detection of the markers CD3, CD45RA, CD20, PAX5 and CD79a was essential to determine the cell type especially in the mucocutaneous junction, telencephalon, and cerebellum. Absence of staining for any of these markers on the neoplastic cells in the kidneys may be associated with a high degree of cellular undifferentiation, which worsens the prognosis. This case report highlights the importance of the combination of histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations with laboratory tests and the clinical picture of the animal for the diagnosis of this neoplasia, which can be difficult to identify.
Cutaneous lymphoma is an uncommon neoplasm in dogs and Boxer, Shih Tzu, Cocker Spaniel, Basset Hound and Golden Retriever are predisposed breeds. This report describes the case of a 5-year-old mixed-breed female dog presenting ulcerated and fast-growing skin nodules. Initial cytology revealed a poorly differentiated round cell neoplasm. Excision of nodules was performed due to the emergence of new lesions. Histopathological examination was suggestive of histiocytoma. The lesions recurred after one year, and a surgical excision of nodules was performed. An immunohistochemical examination was carried out to refine the diagnosis, revealing positivity for CD3 markers in neoplastic cells and for HLA-DR in neoplastic lymphoid and reactive histiocytic cells; these findings, coupled with the morphological findings, were compatible with nonepitheliotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Its etiology has not yet been fully elucidated; however, recurrent skin inflammation may be a predisposing factor, which leads to chronic lymphocytic proliferation. Cutaneous lymphoma (CL) causes nonspecific lesions and its classification as epitheliotropic and nonepitheliotropic (NEL) throughout cutaneous signs is difficult, with NEL being the least described form. Animals affected by this form of lymphoma have lymphadenomegaly, firm and multiple nodules that can extend from the dermis to the subcutaneous layer, alopecic and/or ulcerated, often in chest, head and extremities, with rapid progression, which was compatible with the present case. Definitive diagnosis of CL is obtained through histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The aim is to report a case of nonepitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma in a dog, with emphasis on its clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical aspects.
Background: Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is a benign tumor derived from odontogenic epithelium and mesenchymal tissue, which forms enamel and dentin. It is a rare neoplasm in all species. One of the most common sites for their occurrence is the anterior mandibules. The prevalence of this odontogenic tumor is higher in young animals and only few cases are described in cattle. The purpose of this article is describe the clinical, surgical and the histopathological characteristic of a fibro-odontoma case in a Jersey Cow. Case: A 3-year-old Jersey cow was presented with a progressively growing mass in the anterior mandible displacing the incisor teeth. The mass measured approximately 12 cm diameter and there was a focal area of myiasis. The owner reported weight loss and eating difficulties. The animal was treated with antibiotics for a few weeks but the conservative treatment failed, and the heifer underwent surgical removal of the lesion. The tumor was sent for histopathological evaluation at UFPR-Palotina Pathology laboratory. Microscopically, the excised mass was poorly delimited, and was composed of tumor cells of mesenchymal and epithelial origin which infiltrated and compressed surrounding tissues. Neoplastic cells were arranged in bundles which multifocally formed dental sacs (dental follicles) of various sizes. These dental sacs were formed by neoplastic ameloblasts, and were surrounded by abundant fibrous connective tissue. The central zone of the tumor consisted of a loose, vacuolated neoplastic stellate reticulum. Mitotic figures were rare, and there was moderate anisokaryosis. In some areas, neoplastic ameloblasts surrounded the stellate reticulum. The presence of a sparse, well-organized basophilic extracellular matrix produced presumably by the tumor cells and interpreted as dentin. These microscopic characteristics led to the diagnosis of an ameloblastic fibro-odontoma. The heifer made a full recovery after surgical removal of the mandibular mass. Discussion: Although rare in all mammalian species, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is the most common odontogenic tumor in cattle. There are also reports of this neoplasm in humans, cats, horses, sheep, nonhuman primates and rats. Despite being benign these neoplasms may be infiltrative or expansile which make them difficult to be surgically removed. Similar to observed in this case the most majority of these tumors occurs in the anterior mandibules of young cattle of either sex. The ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is a variant of ameloblastic fibroma in which mineralized tissue is absent. Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is a tumor formed by odontogenic epithelial and mesenchymal tissues which form enamel or dentin (or both). The presence of enamel helps the pathologist to diagnose an ameloblastic fibro-odontoma by histopathology in the slides. Surgical excision of the neoplasm with wide margins should be performed in order to reduce the risk of local recurrence of this tumor, and when well executed they are curative. In this animal there was no recurrence of the neopla...
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