Surface-related multiple attenuation schemes have proven useful in attenuating a significant proportion of the high-amplitude multiple content in seismic data. Although generally sufficient for exploration purposes, there is growing recognition that more complicated interbed multiples exist within the data and that they may interfere with the interpretation of reservoirs and other areas of interest. In this paper, we examine a data-driven method and a model-driven method for attenuating internal multiples showing both synthetic and real-world examples of their application.
The transmission of ultrashort (7 fs) broadband laser pulses through periodic gold nano-structures is studied. The distribution of the transmitted light intensity over wavelength and angle shows an efficient coupling of the incident p-polarized light to two counter-propagating surface plasmon (SP) modes. As a result of the mode interaction, the avoided crossing patterns exhibit energy and momentum gaps, which depend on the configuration of the nano-structure and the wavelength.Variations of the widths of the SP resonances and an abrupt change of the mode interaction in the vicinity of the avoided crossing region are observed. These features are explained by the model of two coupled modes and a coupling change due to switching from the high frequency dark mode to the low frequency bright mode for increasing wavelength of the excitation light.
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