Applications of interbed multiple attenuation

Abstract

Surface-related multiple attenuation schemes have proven useful in attenuating a significant proportion of the high-amplitude multiple content in seismic data. Although generally sufficient for exploration purposes, there is growing recognition that more complicated interbed multiples exist within the data and that they may interfere with the interpretation of reservoirs and other areas of interest. In this paper, we examine a data-driven method and a model-driven method for attenuating internal multiples showing both synthetic and real-world examples of their application.

True-azimuth 3D Internal Multiple Attenuation without identifying the multiple generators

“…Following the work of Jakubowicz (1998), Griffiths et al (2011) extended their 3D SRME workflow to handling IMs by identifying the multiple-generating horizons for muting the input data. As illustrated in Figure 1a, IM model that is specific to the horizon j can be predicted by Jakubowicz's convolution-correlation process using this equation:…”

“…In contrast to surface related multiples which have received closer attention from researchers, primarily because of their relatively stronger effects on seismic migrated images and the ease of identifying their generators, internal multiples (IMs) tend to be regarded as a secondary issue even though it has been shown that complicated IMs do interfere with the interpretation of reservoirs (Griffiths et al, 2011). Recent developments in SRME such as 3D and true-azimuth (Lin et al, 2005;Moore and Bisley, 2005) applications have advanced the technology further.…”

“…Since applying the concept of SRME to predict IMs is not a new idea, efforts have been spent in extending IMA to 3D application. Methods based on kinematic calculation using post-stack data (Reshef et al, 2006), model-driven wavefield extrapolation (Pica and Delmas, 2008), Jakubowicz's (1998) approach (Griffiths et al, 2011), …etc., have been proposed. Nevertheless, most of these methods require a priori information about the subsurface.…”

True-azimuth 3D Internal Multiple Attenuation without identifying the multiple generators

“…Internal multiple attenuation (IMA) has long been regarded as a challenging problem in seismic data processing. In contrast to surface related multiples which have received closer attention from researchers, primarily because of their relatively stronger effects on seismic migrated images and the ease of identifying their generators, internal multiples (IMs) tend to be regarded as a secondary issue even though it has been shown that complicated IMs do interfere with the interpretation of reservoirs (Griffiths et al, 2011). Recent developments in SRME such as 3D and true-azimuth (Lin et al, 2005;Moore and Bisley, 2005) applications have advanced the technology further.…”

Adaptive overburden elimination with the multidimensional Marchenko equation

“…The subtraction of the predicted internal multiples is typically applied with a least-squares matching filter, in which a minimum-energy criterion is imposed on the preserved primary reflections . Various case studies have demonstrated the success of this methodology to field data (Griffiths et al, 2011;King et al, 2013;Song et al, 2013;Cypriano et al, 2015).…”