Digital transformation is a concept based on the use of digitalization and digitization. Digitalization leads to change of business models and provides a competitive advantage also in the energy sector. The process of change towards a digital business requires a specific strategy type, aimed to solve problems with uncertainty caused by Industry 4.0 implementation. This paper aims to propose a theoretical model combining different digitalization strategies and business models. Their theoretical foundations were discussed in the literature review part and related empirical research questions were attempted to be answered by the reference method analysis. The quantitative method of analysis was based on the secondary data from Eurostat for all EU member states and backed the theoretical part in terms of ICT variables. The novelty of this research is based on Hellwig’s reference method used in management sciences and the presented managerial implications. The discussed challenges of the energy sector are related to the digital strategy implementation, relationships between digital transformation and business models, and solutions for such issues as strategy communication and new roles for managers, who should become digital leaders in the energy sector organizations. The main consequence of the proposed model in this study, for the energy sector companies’ managers, is that uncertainty in modern energy sector organizations is more related to employees and their technical skills than implemented ICT itself.
Celem artykułu jest wskazanie na potrzebę dopasowywania metod i technik analizy strategicznej do określonego i dominującego w danym miejscu i czasie podejścia do strategii rozumianego jako układ kryteriów i warunków osiągania sukcesu przez organizację, mierzonego rodzajem osiąganej renty ekonomicznej. Utylitarnym celem artykułu jest wskazanie skutecznych procedur analizy strategicznej dopasowanych do warunków działania organizacji.Artykuł jest efektem długoletnich obserwacji procesów projektowania strategii organizacji, w których uczestniczyli autorzy artykułów i które analizowali z perspektywy procedur analizy strategicznej i różnych faz projektowania strategii. Artykuł rozwija warstwę instrumentarium analizy strategicznej skomunikowaną z podejściami do strategii. Wskazuje przy tym na szczególne etapy takiej analizy i szczególne, charakterystyczne dla określonej logiki strategii, metody i narzędzia analizy strategicznej. W opinii autorów wiedza ta powinna poszerzyć obszar epistemologii i metodologii zarządzania strategicznego.
The aim of the research, the results of which are used in this publication, was to identify the motives for mergers and acquisitions in the energy sector after the introduction of green economy elements in Western Europe. The mentioned region is the group of countries where changes related to the move to green energy are most visible (in addition to some countries from other regions, such as Singapore, New Zealand, or countries of the Arabian Peninsula). The research assumed the hypothesis that over the years since the Paris Conference the themes of mergers and acquisitions have changed from motives close to the views related to energy generation in traditional systems (black energy in large, monopolistic systems) to motives close to green energy (the research hypothesis). This was confirmed in the research, as business risk diversification (defined as diversification of the power sources from black to green) was the most popular M&A motive. In addition to emphasizing the direction of changes in the M&A motives, the authors of this study decided to check whether since 2015 (when the Paris Conference was organized) the motives behind the M&A transactions conducted by companies operating in the electrical energy generation sector have changed, making their motives close to the green energy dominant in Western Europe. Apart from verification of the abovementioned hypothesis, the aim of the research was to check whether there are any characteristic directions of changes in M&A motives across companies from particular Western European countries. The motives are changing from positional approaches to motives closer to resource approaches (green economy). The research used a critical analysis of the literature on the subject, a study that used desk research based on openly available sources and our own analytical tool developed for the needs of this analysis, which is the transformation of the concept of analysis of the M&A motives proposed in K. Borowski’s research: “The strategic development of the technology companies. The mergers and acquisitions perspective”.
Streszczenie: Istotnym problemem wiedzy o projektowaniu strategii organizacji jest brak pewnego porządku ontologicznego i epistemologicznego. W zarządzaniu strategicznym wykształciło się wiele szkół, paradygmatów, koncepcji analizy strategicznej. Wielość tych podejść sprawia, że wybory strategiczne są często niewłaściwe. Celem artykułu jest znalezienie rozwiązań tego problemu. W artykule -na przykładzie ewolucji celów strategicznych, wizji, misji i strategii spółki KGHM Polska Miedź SA -podjęta została próba wskazania logiki myślenia strategicznego wynikającej z porównywania kolejnych etapów kształtowania się strategii badanej spółki z kolejnymi, ewolucyjnie uporządkowanymi podejściami do strategii. Głównym celem przeprowadzonego badania jest zidentyfikowanie logiki budowania strategii w KGHM Polska Miedź SA. Celem metodologicznym zaś jest zweryfikowanie przydatności metody analizy strategicznej bazującej na kontekstowej analizie strategii, dopasowanej do konkretnego podejścia do strategii.
The article presents an innovative method of analyzing energy companies’ strategies, which aims to identify the strategic orientation of the entities subject to the research and, thus, to initially define the directions of strategic changes in the analyzed sector. The aim of the research, the results of which were used in this publication, was to identify the features of energy sector companies’ strategies in the European Union in the period of sector transformation caused by the new climate policy. The analysis area is the energy sector, i.e., the sector whose fundamental strategic goal is energy production. The research used a critical analysis of the subject literature and desk research method with the use of the researchers’ own analytical equipment, developed for the needs of this analysis. It was assumed in the conducted research that the primary source of information in the empirical study, the information subject to subsequent analysis, was the analysis of official documents (strategies, financial reports, etc.) posted on the websites of the surveyed corporations. The research results indicate the dominance of the resource-based approach in implementing strategic postulates of the surveyed companies. Nevertheless, the operational activity focuses on the implementation of innovative solutions towards decarbonization and climate neutrality.
Purpose: The main scientific purpose of this article is to present a proposition of a resourcebased approach to the competencies of global organizations. Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to achieve the main goal of the article, theoretical literature review was chosen, in particular argumentative review, which could introduce problems, but certainly constitute the introduction to in-depth research, also empirical. Findings: The conducted research presented is a starting point for a thought process which, first of all, negates analysing the category of competencies in terms of an organization and, secondly, initiates a discussion in the literature concerning subsequent elements of the proposed set of characteristics, at the same time laying the groundwork for further empirical research. Practical Implications: The practical business implications concern mostly the necessity of changing organizational competencies, which should be done in a very short time in XXI century, in order to ensure a high degree of coordination , integration, specialization, and as a consequencegaining a competitive advantage and competitiveness. Originality/value: In the article we propose an original set of competencies of global organizations resulting from the examination of the literature, developed on the basis of the RBV and leading to a global mindset which seems to be the only rational approach, especially in the light of the concept of strategizing and return to the empowerment of organizations.
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