RESUMOO conhecimento da estrutura floral e da biologia reprodutiva numa cultura é básico para que o melhorista desenvolva técnicas de castração e polinização adequadas. Objetivando obter dados de biologia reprodutiva de pinhão manso, inflorescências emasculadas, foram observadas sem isolamento (controle positivo) e isoladas com tecido "nylon" tipo voal para posterior realização dos tratamentos de geitonogamia e xenogamia após a antese. Os tratamentos consistiram de controle positivo (flores não isoladas), e a partir das flores isoladas foram obtidos os demais tratamentos: controle negativo (sem polinização); xenogamia (receberam pólen de outra planta); geitonogamia 1 (receberam pólen da mesma inflorescência); geitonogamia 2 (receberam pólen de outra inflorescência da mesma planta). Os resultados indicam que a espécie não apresenta problemas de autoincompatibilidade, sendo os índices de fecundação bastante elevados e indiferentes estatisticamente em todos os tratamentos, com valores acima de 80%, exceto para o controle negativo em que as inflorescências foram isoladas e não polinizadas, resultando em ausência de fecundação e de frutos. Esse último resultado mostra a importância da visitação de insetos para a obtenção de sucesso no processo reprodutivo da espécie. As flores masculinas, doadoras de pólen, abrem no período da manhã, assim como as femininas. Sendo assim, embora haja visitação de insetos durante todo o dia, o processo de polinização ocorre no período matutino, em razão da quase total ausência de pólen no período vespertino.Termos para indexação: Jatropha curcas L., autofecundação, auto-incompatibilidade, polinização. ABSTRACTThe knowledge of the floral structure and reproductive biology are basic to a more successful for the development of techniques of castration and pollination in plant species. Aiming to obtain data about reproductive biology of physyc nut, free and enclosed inflorescences were observed without isolation (positive control) and isolation with nylon for posterior treatment of geitonogamy and xenogamy. So, treatments were positive control (free or unbagged inflorescences), and all other treatments obtained from isolated immature inflorescences enclosed within of fine nylon bags: negative control (without pollination), xenogamy (receiving pollen from another plant); geitonogamy 1 (received pollen from the same inflorescence), geitonogamy 2 (received pollen from another inflorescence of the same plant). The results indicate that the species does not present problems of self-incompatibility resulting in high fertilization and statistically indifferent in all treatments, presenting values above 80%, except for negative control in which the inflorescences were isolated and not pollinated resulting in lack of fertilization and fruit development. These results show the importance insects for success in the reproductive process of this species. The male flowers, pollen donors, opened in the morning, just like the female ones. Thus, although there is visitation of insects during all the day, t...
Luminosity and temperature are factors that directly act in photosynthetic process, in which the elevation of the light intensity may provoke reduction in the assimilation of carbon, impairing the development of the soybean culture. This work aimed to know physiological parameters of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) under different intensities of artificial light. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme 2 × 5, being two soybean cultivars (Potência and NS6700) and five densities of light: 0 (control), 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 μmol m-2 s-1 of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) provided by LED bulbs, with 4 repetitions, in total of 40 plots. The following variables were set: rate of CO2 assimilation (A), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), inner CO2 concentration in the substomatic chamber (Ci) and water use efficiency (WUE) in which a portable device of gas exchange was used (Infra-Red Gas Analyzer-IRGA, marca ADC BioScientific Ltd, modelo LC-Pro). Seedlings of soybean positively responded under different intensities of artificial light till reach the maximum saturation point between 1400 and 1600 µmol m-1 s-1 of light, which promoted a better rate of A, Ci andWUE. E and gs presented positive linear responses by increasing the intensity of artificial light. The ideal light intensity to the use of Infra-Red Gas Analyzer-IRGA between 1400 and 1600 µmol m-1 s-1 to the soybean culture.
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