The Spionidae of southeastern Australia are described. Intertidal and subtidal collections come mostly from Victoria, New South Wales and southern Queensland. A few records from West Australia, South Australia, Tasmania and the Great Barrier Reef (Queensland) are also included. A total of 68 species in 19 genera have been identified. These include 4 new genera and 43 new species, with new synonyms and generic emendations also proposed. The genera with pointed prostomia include Scolelepis (9 species, 8 being new), Aonides (1 species) and Dispio (1 new species). Australospio trifida gen. et. sp. nov. is a unique spionid with both a distally pointed prostomium and lateral prostomial horns. The genera with frontal or lateral prostomial horns include Malacoceros (3 species, 2 being new), Rhynchospio (2 new species) and Scolecolepides (1 new species). The definition of Rhynchospio is expanded to include those species with branchiae free from dorsal lamellae. Laonice includes 3 new species, with 1 being a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Spiophanes includes 3 species, Spio with 3 species (2 being new) and Microspio with 1 new species. The genera of the Prionospio-compXex are reviewed and revised to include: Paraprionospio (1 species), Orthoprionospio gen. nov. (1 new species), Streblospio (not represented) and Prionospio (9 species, 5 being new). A generic revision of the Poly dora-comp\ex is presented with 6 genera recognized: Boccardia (3 species), Carazziella gen. nov. (4 new species), Polydora (15 species, 8 being new), Boccardiella gen. nov. (2 species, 1 being new), Tripolydora (not represented) and Pseudopolydora (5 species, 2 being new). Polydorella is synonymized with Pseudopolydora. Approximately I of the species reported herein are endemic to Australia; the remainder are species with more cosmopolitan distributions. Family Spionidae Grube, 1850 Diagnosis: Prostomium variable: anteriorly rounded or incised, anteriorly expanded to acutely pointed, with or without frontal horns. Occipital tentacle sometimes present on prostomial caruncle. A pair of long prehensile peristomial palps arising on either side of caruncle near junction of peristomium and setiger 1. Setiger 1 reduced to well-developed, often fused with peristomium. Parapodia biramous, with parapodial lobes conical, cirriform or foliose; posterior neuropodia often form low 16. Rhynchospio glycera sp. nov. 17. R. australiana sp. nov. 18. Scolecolepides aciculatus sp. nov. 1 9.

Rouse, G.W. (2012). Towards a revised Amphinomidae (Annelida, Amphinomida): description and affinities of a new genus and species from the Nile Deep-sea Fan, Mediterranean Sea. -Zoologica Scripta, 41, 307-325. The discovery of a new amphinomid species from wood falls deployed near cold seeps (1694 m) at the Nile Deep-sea Fan (Mediterranean Sea) highlights the need to revise Amphinomidae to better characterize amphinomid diversity. The phylogenetic affinities of the new amphinomid and 12 other species from nine Amphinomida genera were inferred using data from two nuclear (18S rDNA and 28S rDNA) and two mitochondrial (COI and 16S rDNA) genes. The phylogenetic analyses indicated a close relationship of the new species with other amphinomids associated with temporary pelagic substrata, including Amphinome sensu stricto (emended herein) and Hipponoa. The new species belongs to a distinct lineage and we, here, erect a new genus to accommodate it. Cryptonome gen. n. is the second amphinomid genus established for species from chemosynthetic environments. Cryptonome conclava sp. n. is distinguished morphologically from all previously described rectilinear Amphinomidae by lacking notochaetal hooks, having a reduced caruncle, modified neurochaetae and branchiae on nearly all segments. Taxonomic issues regarding amphinomid species presently assigned to Amphinome and the erroneous placement of related xylophylic taxa in Eurythoe are also outlined. We emend and restrict the five known oceanic flotsam species with stalked heart-shaped caruncles to Amphinome sensu stricto. An additional 15 species previously assigned to Amphinome may belong to other genera (e.g. Linopherus) and are here tentatively considered incertae sedis. Finally, Eurythoe turcica and Eurythoe parvecarunculata are transferred to Cryptonome gen. n. as new combinations. A revised key to a subset of rectilinear amphinomid genera (relevant to this study) is presented.

Since its description from the Galapagos Rift in the mid-1980s, Archinome rosacea has been recorded at hydrothermal vents in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Only recently was a second species described from the Pacific Antarctic Ridge. We inferred the identities and evolutionary relationships of Archinome representatives sampled from across the hydrothermal vent range of the genus, which is now extended to cold methane seeps. Species delimitation using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) recovered up to six lineages, whereas concatenated datasets (COI, 16S, 28S and ITS1) supported only four or five of these as clades. Morphological approaches alone were inconclusive to verify the identities of species owing to the lack of discrete diagnostic characters. We recognize five Archinome species, with three that are new to science. The new species, designated based on molecular evidence alone, include: Archinome levinae n. sp., which occurs at both vents and seeps in the east Pacific, Archinome tethyana n. sp., which inhabits Atlantic vents and Archinome jasoni n. sp., also present in the Atlantic, and whose distribution extends to the Indian and southwest Pacific Oceans. Biogeographic connections between vents and seeps are highlighted, as are potential evolutionary links among populations from vent fields located in the east Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, and Atlantic and Indian Oceans; the latter presented for the first time.

IntroductionThe Scalibregmidae are mud-dwelling polychaetes which are seldom taken in casual collecting and are rare even in intensive surveys. Only about 33 species are known, with 17 of these occurring below 1000 m. It is evident then that the family is well represented in the deep sea, with some genera and species known only from abyssal depths.Taxonomic reviews of the family are by Ashworth (1901), whose generic arrangement has generally been followed, and Furreg (1925). Chamberlin (1919) and Fauvel (1927) provide useful keys and Day (1967) reviews the important moqahological features and some of the taxonomic difficulties. There have, however, been no comprehensive summaries of the genera and species for 50 years. With the recent discoveries of numerous new species and genera from the deep sea by Hartman and others, a modern review of the family seems in order.The stimulus for this review was the discovery of four intertida] and shallow subtidal scalibregmid species from Victoria, Australia. These materials were collected as part of the Port Phi]lip Bay and Westernport Bay Environmental Surveys by the Marine Pollution Studies Group, Fisheries and Wildlife Division, Melbourne.The present paper includes a review of the characteristics which are used to categorize genera and the appropriate names which are available to go into those categories. One new genus is described and two others newly placed into synonymy. The valid species of Scalibregmidae are summarized with synonyms, distributions and bathymetric range. Three new species from Australasia are described; Hyboscolex dicranochaetus (Schmarda) is redescribed. Keys to the known Australasian and Hyboscolex species are presented.Specimens are deposited at the following institutions: Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (AHF); Australian Museum, Sydney (AM); National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne (NMV); and the Queensland Museum (QM).

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This study revises the taxonomic status of the formerly monotypic Archinomidae, which is nested within paraphyletic Amphinomidae according to recent phylogenetic work. We focused our taxonomic sampling to evaluate the affinities of Notopygos and genera classified as ‘fusiform’ in body shape, including Archinome and Chloeia. Prior to this study, the phylogenetic placement of Notopygos had not been evaluated. We inferred the phylogenetic relationships of Notopygos within Amphinomidae based on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genetic divergences of five Notopygos species, including the newly described Notopygos kekooa sp. n. from the Gulf of California. The phylogenetic and morphological evidence, now including Notopygos species, justified the establishment of two subfamilies within Amphinomidae. In accordance with ICZN Article 36 (Principle of Coordination), both subfamilies are presented as status novus in the nomenclature ranks.