Background:Diarrhea is a condition where individuals experience defecation as much as 3 or more per day with a soft consistency. Diarrhea in children is one of the environmentally-based diseases, and Manado is one of the cities faced with this environmental lead diarrhea problems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of socioeconomic factors on the occurrence of diarrhea among under-five children in the coastal area of Manado city.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study design was conducted in August 2017. The numbers of respondents were a total of 120 mothers or caregivers with children under five who suffered from diarrhea in the coastal area of Manado. The respondent candidates were selected from the community health center's records of the diarrhea program and further selected by the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The characteristics of mothers and family income were used as indicators of socioeconomic factors. All of the respondents were questioned about the occurrence of their child's diarrhea that they had experienced in the previous 6 months. A structured and well-designed questionnaire was used to obtain data, which were related to sociodemographic, economic, and diarrhea. Generalized structured component analysis in GeSCA software was applied for data analysis.Results:The findings of this study showed significant influence from socioeconomic factors on diarrhea incidence in under-five children (critical ratio = 2.74). In other words, as socioeconomic factors improve, the incidence of diarrhea decreases (B = −0.246). The characteristics of the mother are the indicator of the highest influence (loading value = 0.846).Conclusions:This study identified that the socioeconomic factors are influencing the diarrhea incidence among children under five in the coastal area of Manado city. Thus, to minimize a childhood diarrheal disease, socioeconomic factors are considered when promoting health and community empowerment among the coastal communities of Manado city.

Mapalus is a form of traditional mutual assistance inherited within ancestors in the land of Minahasa. Mapalus has become such a coding for Minahasa ethnic. The implementation of Mapalus has taken place in various aspects ranging from agriculture, social, community, politics, security and health. In the field of health, there has never been a study of the effect of the implementation of Mapalus tradition on the incidence of a disease, especially coronary heart disease (CHD). This study was conducted through qualitative approach. The results obtained that the implementation of Mapalus values is still done by the ethnic communities of Minahasa, and these values affect the incidence of CHD in Minahasa.

Background: Job stress is a very disruptive thing to work. Work-induced stress in particular results in a decrease in work productivity, such as low worker performance, increased absenteeism, decreased work morale, increased worker turnover which can cause the loss of a lot of working time causing the cost of compensation for workers to increase in capital. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with work stress on the employees of the Eye Hospital of North Sulawesi Province. Methode: This study was an observational study with a cross sectional study design. The population in this study were all employees of the Eye Hospital of North Sulawesi Province. The sample in this study was a total population of 70 employees. The variables in this study were age, marital status, income, years of service and work load, with the dependent variable being work stress. The research data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis and chi-square statistical calculations. Presentation of data is made in table and narrative form. Result: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between age and work stress with p value = 0.031, there was a significant relationship between tenure and work stress with a value of p = 0.004, there was a significant relationship between workload and work stress with p = 0.003, there is no significant relationship between marital status and work stress with a value of p = 0.077 and there is no significant relationship between income and work stress with a value of p = 0.473. The result of multivariate analysis showed that workload (p = 0.002; OR = 21.667) was the most dominant factor affecting work stress on the employees of the Eye Hospital of North Sulawesi Province. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that age, years of service and workload are factors that are associated with work stress. The most dominant factor affecting employee work stress is workload.

Hypertension is characterized by increased systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Risk factors that can affect hypertension are divided into modified risk factors such as smoking habit and unmodified risk factors such as genetics, gender, and age. This study was aimed to evaluate the risk factors of hypertension at Rumah Sakit Robert Wolter Mongisidi Manado. This was an observational and analytical study with a cross sectional design. There were 75 patients as respondents, obtained by using non-probability random sampling (accidental sampling). Variables in this study were age, sex, smoking habit, and family history of hypertension. Data were analyzed by using the Fisher’s exact test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between age and hypertension (p=0.041). Albeit, there were no significant relationships between other variables and hypertension, with the p-values as follows: sex (p=1.000), smoking habit (p=1.000), and family history of hypertension (p=1.000). In conclusion, age was the risk factor of hypertension among hypertensive patients at Rumah Sakit Robert Wolter Mongisidi Manado.Keywords: risk factors, hypertensionAbstrak: Hipertensi ditandai dengan peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik. Faktor risiko yang dapat memengaruhi hipertensi terbagi menjadi faktor yang dapat dikendalikan seperti kebiasaan merokok serta faktor yang tidak dapat dikendalikan seperti genetik, jenis kelamin, dan usia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi di Rumah Sakit Robert Wolter Mongisidi Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Jumlah responden penelitian ini sebanyak 75 pasien yang dipilih menggunakan metode non-probability random sampling yaitu accidental sampling. Variabel penelitian yang diteliti yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, kebiasaan merokok, dan riwayat keluarga. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara bivariat menggunakan Fisher’s exact test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna antara usia dengan kejadian hipertensi (p=0,041). Variabel lainnya tidak berhubungan bermakna dengan kejadian hipertensi dengan nilai p sebagai berikut: jenis kelamin (p=1,000), kebiasaan merokok (p=1,000), dan riwayat keluarga (p=1,000). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah faktor usia merupakan faktor risiko kejadian hipertensi pada penyandang hipertensi di Rumah Sakit Robert Wolter Mongisidi Manado.Kata kunci: faktor risiko, hipertensi

Backgroud: Mapalus is one of the socio-cultural values in the Minahasa community. Other existing socio-cultural values such as Si Tou Timou Tumou Tou and Torang Samua Basudara. Mapalus is an embodiment of philosophy Si Tou Timou Tumou Tou. The purpose of this research was to describing the implementation of Mapalus in public health. Method: This research was a qualitative research. Model of this research was a case study. Result: The result of this research was showed that the implementation of Mapalus has been change from traditional models (mutual cooperation and assistance) to modern models. Conclusion: Mapalus has grown from the agricultural sector to the other sectors like social, economic, government, and health.

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a disease that has caused death across the world, including in Indonesia. CAD is a multifactorial disease. Many studies have been conducted to examine the causes of CAD. Based on previous research, the risk factors questioned are fixed and nonfixed risk factors. Fixed risk factors include age, gender and family history. Nonfixed risk factors include smoking habits, blood cholesterol levels, behavioral types, socioeconomic status and cultural factors, among others. The purpose of this study is to find a structural model of the influence of Mapalus culture and health behavior on the incidence of CAD in the Minahasa ethnic group in North Sulawesi Province. Method: This research is a case-control research type that uses 220 respondents (110 case and 110 control respondents). The variables studied were Mapalus culture (ethos and principles) and health behavior (smoking habits, knowledge of CAD, healthy behavior and sickness behavior) as independent variables and CAD incidence as the dependent variable. Data analysis used pathway analysis by employing GeSCA software. Result: The results of this study indicate that Mapalus culture and health behavior influence the occurrence of CAD. The influence of Mapalus culture will be stronger/greater if it interacts with health behavior. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, control must be exercised on smoking habits, increasing knowledge about CAD and having a healthy lifestyle.

Background: Nutritional status is also a person's physical condition which is determined by one or a combination of nutritional measures such as body mass index. Nutritional status is indirectly influenced by the frequency of aerobic/ anaerobic exercise and the level of education. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between education level and frequency of aerobic exercise with nutritional status of members of the Sports Health Center of Health Office North Sulawesi Province. Methode: This is a correlational research with a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted in June-July 2020 at the Community Sports Health Center of Health Office North Sulawesi Province. This study used 30 respondents. The variables of this study were nutritional status, level of education and frequency of aerobic exercise. This study uses secondary data from existing member at the Community Sports Health Center. Data were tested using Fisher's Exact test. Result: The results showed that 27 respondents had a BMI <18.5-22.9, 24 respondents had S1/ D3 degree and 15 respondents were aerobic exercise frequency as much as 37-50 times. The results of this study indicated that there was no correlation between education level with nutritional status (p = 0.501) and there was no correlation between the frequency of aerobic exercise with nutritional status (p = 1,000). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the level of education and the frequency of aerobic exercise are not correlation with the nutritional status of the members of the Sports Health Center.

Hypertension is characterized by increased systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Risk factors that can affect hypertension are divided into modified risk factors such as smoking habit and unmodified risk factors such as genetics, gender, and age. This study was aimed to evaluate the risk factors of hypertension at Rumah Sakit Robert Wolter Mongisidi Manado. This was an observational and analytical study with a cross sectional design. There were 75 patients as respondents, obtained by using non-probability random sampling (accidental sampling). Variables in this study were age, sex, smoking habit, and family history of hypertension. Data were analyzed by using the Fisher’s exact test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between age and hypertension (p=0.041). Albeit, there were no significant relationships between other variables and hypertension, with the p-values as follows: sex (p=1.000), smoking habit (p=1.000), and family history of hypertension (p=1.000). In conclusion, age was the risk factor of hypertension among hypertensive patients at Rumah Sakit Robert Wolter Mongisidi Manado.Keywords: risk factors, hypertensionAbstrak: Hipertensi ditandai dengan peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik. Faktor risiko yang dapat memengaruhi hipertensi terbagi menjadi faktor yang dapat dikendalikan seperti kebiasaan merokok serta faktor yang tidak dapat dikendalikan seperti genetik, jenis kelamin, dan usia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi di Rumah Sakit Robert Wolter Mongisidi Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Jumlah responden penelitian ini sebanyak 75 pasien yang dipilih menggunakan metode non-probability random sampling yaitu accidental sampling. Variabel penelitian yang diteliti yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, kebiasaan merokok, dan riwayat keluarga. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara bivariat menggunakan Fisher’s exact test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna antara usia dengan kejadian hipertensi (p=0,041). Variabel lainnya tidak berhubungan bermakna dengan kejadian hipertensi dengan nilai p sebagai berikut: jenis kelamin (p=1,000), kebiasaan merokok (p=1,000), dan riwayat keluarga (p=1,000). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah faktor usia merupakan faktor risiko kejadian hipertensi pada penyandang hipertensi di Rumah Sakit Robert Wolter Mongisidi Manado.Kata kunci: faktor risiko, hipertensi