Maintaining dental pulp vitality and preventing tooth loss are two challenges in endodontic treatment. A tooth lacking a viable pulp loses its defense mechanism and regenerative ability, making it more vulnerable to severe damage and eventually necessitating extraction. The tissue engineering approach has drawn attention as an alternative therapy as it can regenerate dentin-pulp complex structures and functions. Stem cells or progenitor cells, extracellular matrix, and signaling molecules are triad components of this approach. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are a promising, noninvasive source of stem cells for tissue regeneration. Not only can SHEDs regenerate dentin-pulp tissues (comprised of fibroblasts, odontoblasts, endothelial cells, and nerve cells), but SHEDs also possess immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties. The collagen matrix is a material of choice to provide structural and microenvironmental support for SHED-to-dentin pulp tissue differentiation. Growth factors regulate cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation into specific phenotypes via signal-transduction pathways. This review provides current concepts and applications of the tissue engineering approach, especially SHEDs, in endodontic treatment.

Currently, the challenge in dentistry is to revitalize dental pulp by utilizing tissue engineering technology; thus, a biomaterial is needed to facilitate the process. One of the three essential elements in tissue engineering technology is a scaffold. A scaffold acts as a three-dimensional (3D) framework that provides structural and biological support and creates a good environment for cell activation, communication between cells, and inducing cell organization. Therefore, the selection of a scaffold represents a challenge in regenerative endodontics. A scaffold must be safe, biodegradable, and biocompatible, with low immunogenicity, and must be able to support cell growth. Moreover, it must be supported by adequate scaffold characteristics, which include the level of porosity, pore size, and interconnectivity; these factors ultimately play an essential role in cell behavior and tissue formation. The use of natural or synthetic polymer scaffolds with excellent mechanical properties, such as small pore size and a high surface-to-volume ratio, as a matrix in dental tissue engineering has recently received a lot of attention because it shows great potential with good biological characteristics for cell regeneration. This review describes the latest developments regarding the usage of natural or synthetic scaffold polymers that have the ideal biomaterial properties to facilitate tissue regeneration when combined with stem cells and growth factors in revitalizing dental pulp tissue. The utilization of polymer scaffolds in tissue engineering can help the pulp tissue regeneration process.

The routine and long term use of chemicals to maintain oral and dental health have the potency to result in the emergence of side effects; therefore another strategy is needed as an alternative such as using antimicrobial agents extracted from plants. The purpose of this study is to review the effectiveness of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) peel extract as an antibacterial in preventing biofilm formation. Biofilm is a component consisting of bacteria in a self-produced polymeric matrix, attached to an inert surface, alive, and can survive because of its ability to capture nutrients and withstand adverse environmental conditions. Lime peel contains flavonoids which are the largest group of polyphenol compounds that can work as antioxidants and antibacterial by denaturing bacterial cell proteins and damaging bacterial cells. Flavonoids can also inhibit glucosyltransferase (GTF) activity of Streptococcus mutans to prevent biofilm formation. Lime peel extract inhibits the formation of the activity of the enzyme Streptococcus mutans. As a conclusion lime peel extract contains compounds with therapeutic potential and has the effect of inhibiting the formation of the activity of the enzyme Streptococcus mutans so that it can be used to inhibit the formation of biofilms. Keywords: antibacterial, biofilm, Citrus aurantifolia

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<p>Plak dapat menjadi penyebab kerusakan terhadap struktur gigi maupun jaringan pendukungnya, sehingga perlu dilakukan tindakan kontrol plak. Kontrol plak secara kimiawi dapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan obat kumur seperti <em>povidone iodine </em>dan klorheksidin yang merupakan antiseptik yang efektif dalam menurunkan pembentukan plak. Keduanya terbukti memiliki daya antibakteri terhadap <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> yang merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab plak. Mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas dari obat kumur <em>povidone iodine </em>dengan klorheksidin terhadap indeks plak. Metode penelitian ini adalah <em>pre-post test control group design</em> dengan memeriksa indeks plak sebelum dan sesudah berkumur. Subjek dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 32 orang siswa/i SMPN 2 Cimahi yang berusia 13 ̶ 15 tahun yang terbagi menjadi dua kelompok. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memeriksa indeks plak sebelum dan sesudah berkumur dengan pemeriksaan indeks plak <em>Silness and Loe</em>. Data diuji normalitasnya menggunakan <em>Chi-square </em>dan dianalisis dengan T-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan rerata indeks plak sebelum dan setelah berkumur dengan <em>povidone iodine </em>sebesar 0,68 dan klorheksidin sebesar 0,51 dengan <em>p-value</em> 0,11. Obat kumur <em>povidone iodine </em>dan klorheksidin memiliki efektivitas yang sama terhadap indeks plak.</p>

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Background : Dental caries is still one of the most common problems in Indonesia, not only in adults but also in children. The prevalence of dental caries in Indonesian primary schools is almost 60-80%. Caries is a multifactorial disease caused by host (teeth), microorganism, carbohydrates, and time. Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most prevalent diseases in children worldwide. ECC driven by oral microorganism which is mainly caused by sugar rich-foods. In addition, poor oral hygiene and  removal of dental plaque leads to the rapid development of ECC.The goal of this treatment is to prevent malocclusion of the teeth and maintain the growth and development of the child. Case report : A6-year-old girl with ECC and poor oral hygiene is given comperhensive treatment, such as restoration, endodontic treatment, extraction and space management. Conclusion: Comperhensive treatment was successful and both patient and parent were satisfied with the treatment.This can be seen from the plaque control of the child before and after the toothbrush during the visit and the space available for replacement teeth is sufficient. The pre-toothbrush control at the February 2020 visit was 25% and then the toothbrush 19%, which were 75% and 35.5% previously.

Penelitian ini menggali tentang kegiatan Public Relations yang dilakukan Votrro Coffee and Bar dalam menjaga loyalitas customer Votrro Coffee and Bar. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah menjabarkan bagaimana Votrro Coffee and bar dalam menjalankan kegiatan Public Relations untuk mendorong terciptanya loyalitas customer untuk mendapatkan keuntungan bagi Votrro Coffee and Bar. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa teori antara lain teori komunikasi, public relations, kegiatan public relations, dan loyalitas. Penelitian yang menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan Public Relations sangat berpengaruh untuk bagi perusahaan. Untuk menyelesaikan penelitian ini peneliti melakukan wawancara mendalam kepada enam narasumber yaitu Public Relations Votrro Coffee and Bar, Public Relations Votrro Coffee and Bar, barista time Votrro Coffee and Bar, empat customer tetap koultoura coffee shop, dengan melakukan observasi, studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah tentang public relations Votrro Coffee and Bar dalam menjalani kegiatan public relations dan Customer Relations untuk mempertahankan kepuasan  sampai terbentuknya loyalitas customer