Maintaining dental pulp vitality and preventing tooth loss are two challenges in endodontic treatment. A tooth lacking a viable pulp loses its defense mechanism and regenerative ability, making it more vulnerable to severe damage and eventually necessitating extraction. The tissue engineering approach has drawn attention as an alternative therapy as it can regenerate dentin-pulp complex structures and functions. Stem cells or progenitor cells, extracellular matrix, and signaling molecules are triad components of this approach. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are a promising, noninvasive source of stem cells for tissue regeneration. Not only can SHEDs regenerate dentin-pulp tissues (comprised of fibroblasts, odontoblasts, endothelial cells, and nerve cells), but SHEDs also possess immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties. The collagen matrix is a material of choice to provide structural and microenvironmental support for SHED-to-dentin pulp tissue differentiation. Growth factors regulate cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation into specific phenotypes via signal-transduction pathways. This review provides current concepts and applications of the tissue engineering approach, especially SHEDs, in endodontic treatment.
Currently, the challenge in dentistry is to revitalize dental pulp by utilizing tissue engineering technology; thus, a biomaterial is needed to facilitate the process. One of the three essential elements in tissue engineering technology is a scaffold. A scaffold acts as a three-dimensional (3D) framework that provides structural and biological support and creates a good environment for cell activation, communication between cells, and inducing cell organization. Therefore, the selection of a scaffold represents a challenge in regenerative endodontics. A scaffold must be safe, biodegradable, and biocompatible, with low immunogenicity, and must be able to support cell growth. Moreover, it must be supported by adequate scaffold characteristics, which include the level of porosity, pore size, and interconnectivity; these factors ultimately play an essential role in cell behavior and tissue formation. The use of natural or synthetic polymer scaffolds with excellent mechanical properties, such as small pore size and a high surface-to-volume ratio, as a matrix in dental tissue engineering has recently received a lot of attention because it shows great potential with good biological characteristics for cell regeneration. This review describes the latest developments regarding the usage of natural or synthetic scaffold polymers that have the ideal biomaterial properties to facilitate tissue regeneration when combined with stem cells and growth factors in revitalizing dental pulp tissue. The utilization of polymer scaffolds in tissue engineering can help the pulp tissue regeneration process.
Staphylococcus aureus is a species of bacteria that causes denture stomatitis which is often found in removable denture wearers. Its management is carried out by eliminating pathogenic bacteria and cleaning dentures regularly. One of the natural ingredients that can be used in such condition is red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) which has active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids and triterpenoids. These active compounds are known to have antibacterial activity. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of red fruit fraction (Pandanus conoideus Lam) with n-Hexane and ethyl acetate as solvent against Staphylococcus aureus. The method used was the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method by testing various concentrations (100%, 90%, 80%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125%) and measuring the inhibition zone diameter by using a caliper. The results showed that the red fruit fraction with ethyl acetate solvent at a concentration of 100% had an average inhibition zone diameter of 8.80 mm classified as medium category, followed by 90% and 80% respectively. In conclusion, ethyl acetate fraction of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) is effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; denture stomatitis; removable partial denture, red fruit fraction; inhibition zone Abstrak: Staphylococcus aureus merupakan salah satu spesies bakteri penyebab denture stomatitis yang sering dijumpai pada pasien pengguna gigi tiruan lepasan. Penatalaksanaan dilakukan dengan mengeliminasi bakteri patogen dan rutin membersihkan gigi tiruan. Salah satu bahan alami yang dapat digunakan ialah buah merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam) yang mengandung senyawa aktif seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, dan triterpenoid yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas fraksi buah merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam) dengan pelarut n-Heksana dan etil asetat terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode difusi cakram Kirby-Bauer dengan menguji berbagai konsentrasi fraksi buah merah (100%, 90%, 80%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, dan 3,125%), dan pengukuran diameter zona hambat dilakukan menggunakan jangka sorong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi buah merah dengan pelarut etil asetat pada konsentrasi 100% memiliki rerata diameter zona hambat tertinggi sebesar 8,80 mm yang tergolong kategori sedang diikuti konsentrasi 90% dan 80%. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah fraksi etil asetat buah merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam) efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus. Kata kunci: Staphylococcus aureus; denture stomatitis; gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan; fraksi buah merah; zona hambat
Objective: To compare the compressive strength of three types of commercial lithium disilicate ceramics. Methods: Three groups of lithium disilicate ceramics (IPS e.max Press, Vintage LD Press, and Celtra Press) total of twelve cylindrical specimens (diameter 4 mm x length 6 mm) were produced by laboratory processing. The compressive strength was conducted using Shimad-zu universal testing machine with load cell F 50 kN, cross head speed of 1 mm/s. Micromorphology were observed using scan-ning electron microscope. Anova test and Weibull test were performed and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: There are no significant differences between three groups of lithium disilicate dental ceramics compressive strength (p=0.531). How-ever, IPS e.max Press group show higher compressive strength compared to the other two materials. IPS e.max Press and Vin-tage LD Press groups show significantly higher coefficient corelation than Celtra Press group. Conclusion: IPS e.max Press lithium disilicate dental ceramic have higher compressive strength compared to the other groups, but the reliability of Celtra Press is lower than those of lithium disilicate dental ceramics.
Long-term use of dentures with poor cleaning can cause denture stomatitis mainly due to Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. Oregano leaf (Origanum vulgare) which contains a variety of active components is believed to be an alternative of denture cleansers. This study aimed to determine the effect of oregano leaf extract on heat-cured acrylic resin plates contaminated with C. albicans and S. mutans. There were 27 heat-cured acrylic plates contaminated and soaked for 10 minutes in nine treatment groups, as follows: oregano leaf extract of 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 12.5 mg/ml, 6.25 mg/ml, 3,125 mg /ml, 1,562 mg/ml, and 0,781 mg/ml, distilled water as the negative control, Polident denture cleanser fresh (positive control for C. albicans) and chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% (positive control for S. mutans). The colony number of C. albicans and the inhibition zones of S. mutans were counted. The results showed that the lowest number of C. albicans colony and the largest inhibition zone for S. mutans were at the concentration of 50 mg/ml oregano leaf extract. In conclusion, there was an effect of oregano leaf extract on acrylic resin plates contaminated with Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. Keywords: acrylic resin; denture stomatitis; Origanum vulgare; Candida albicans; Streptococcus mutans Abstrak: Penggunaan gigi tiruan secara terus menerus dalam jangka panjang dengan pembersihan yang buruk dapat menyebabkan denture stomatitis terutama oleh Candida albicans dan Strepto-coccus mutans. Daun oregano (Origanum vulgare) yang mengandung beragam komponen aktif diyakini dapat menjadi alternatif pembersih gigi tiruan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun oregano terhadap plat resin akrilik heat-cured yang dikontaminasi jamur C. albicans dan S. mutans. Terdapat 27 plat akrilik heat-cured yang dikontaminasi dan dilakukan perendaman selama 10 menit dalam sembilan kelompok perlakuan yaitu, konsentrasi ekstrak daun oregano 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 12,5 mg/ml, 6,25 mg/ml, 3,125 mg/ml, 1,562 mg/ml, 0,781 mg/ml, akuades (kontrol negatif), Polident Denture Cleanser Fresh (kontrol positif C. albicans), dan chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% (kon-trol positif S. mutans). Jumlah koloni C. albicans dan zona hambat S. mutans dihitung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah koloni C. albicans terkecil dan zona hambat S. mutans terbesar pada konsentrasi ekstrak daun oregano 50 mg/ml. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat pengaruh ekstrak daun oregano terhadap plat resin akrilik yang dikontaminasi Candida albicans dan Streptococcus mutans. Kata kunci: resin akrilik; denture stomatitis; Origanum vulgare; Candida albicans; Streptococcus mutans
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