The whole report provides the bases for these and many other insights as well as illustrations of the key concepts, structures, and new architectural views. v 10 A. Hagiu, Multi-sided Platforms: From Microfoundations to Design and Expansion Strategies, Harvard Business School, 2006 11 J. Donahoe, CEO eBay, Interview at Web 2.0 Summit, April 2012 12 For illustration only, Metcalfe's Law is used to illustrate the conceptual potential. In practice this is unlikely to be achieved exactly and other more complex models may apply with greater accuracy. Architectural Insight 3 Convergence is the transformation of two or more networks or systems to share resources and interact synergistically via a common and seamless architecture, thus enabling new value streams. This pathway is based on traditional unidirectional use of the distribution system by customers and others focused on investments to replace aging infrastructure, integration of advanced technologies to improve reliability, resiliency, safety and efficiency. The Current Path reflects the current grid modernization underway and establishes a value "baseline," but takes little or no account of the potential consequences of distributed energy resource proliferation. 2.2.7 Backup Grid This end-state envisions a smaller number of customers remaining wholly dependent on the integrated electric system and a growing number of former customers that have become totally self-sufficient and have disconnected. A Backup Grid provides less societal value than the Current Path and may lead to further erosion through a "death spiral" 15 of increasing rates driven by fewer customers sharing the cost of the system, which then incentivizes more customers to become self-sufficient and defect. 2.2.8 Open Grid This end-state builds on the current grid modernization investments along with an evolution of distribution system designs to create an open, plug-and-play grid to enable seamless integration of diverse distributed energy resources and independent microgrids into a unified multi-layered optimization structure. This enables the creation of substantial new network value. Electric grid evolution as defined in California, Hawaii, and New York involves transitioning from a closed single purpose system to a more open, flexible, efficient, and resilient network that integrates distributed energy resources into the operation of the distribution and bulk power systems. Technology
Architectural Insight 1Grid architecture provides the discipline to manage the complexity and the risk associated with changing the grid in a manner that significantly reduces the likelihood of unintended consequences.
Simple Transactive Energy Systems have been built using ad hoc approaches to the placement and interconnection of the transactive nodes but engineering principles or design guidelines for building such systems have been lacking. Consequently, the proliferation of transactive Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and transactive building-to-grid services has been hampered and the development of interoperability standards has been slow. In order to realize the full potential for extracting the latent capacity and performance available in distribution systems with DER on a real time basis, transactive elements must be distributed throughout the distribution grid to take account of local conditions with sufficient granularity. We may state a new architectural thesis for future grids this way: given highly volatile and dispersed resources and physical constraints across the grid, provide a unified multi-tier coordination schema that simultaneously optimizes operation across all parts of the power delivery system, from the markets, balancing, planning, and operational levels to the transactive and prosumer levels. This paper provides an architectural framework for highly distributed Transactive Energy grids. The framework guides the engineering of transactive distribution systems, informs the necessary interoperability standards, and fills in the gap in the ability of electric distribution utilities to write the Grid Codes that define how prosumer and third party devices plug into such a grid. This architecture resolves a major hurdle to Transactive Grid deployment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.