Phylogenetic relationships among Pteridaceae were established using rbcL sequences, parsimony and posterior probabilities. The analyses involved 38 Pteridaceae species native in Brazil (12 of them endemic) and 81 species of Dennstaedtiaceae, Lindsaeaceae, Saccolomataceae (outgroups) and Pteridaceae. The resultant phylogeny comprehends five main clades: Platyzomatoideae‐Pteridoideae‐Taenitoideae; Ceratopteris‐Acrostichum; Adiantoideae‐vittarioids; Cheilanthoideae; Coniogramme‐Cryptogramma‐Llavea. The cladograms support the most recent classification of Pteridaceae and demonstrate the paraphyly of Cheilanthoideae and the unnaturalness of Ceratopteridoideae, Platyzomatoideae, Pteridoideae, and Taenitidoideae as traditionally defined. Adiantoideae can only be recognized if combined with the vittarioids. Several genera of Pteridaceae appear to be paraphyletic (e.g., as Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Pellaea, Pteris), and new generic affinities suggested by consistent internal clades are proposed.
ResumoEste trabalho apresenta o levantamento florístico das plantas vasculares da Reserva Biológica da Represa do Grama, um remanescente de floresta estacional semidecidual do Domínio Atlântico, situado no município de Descoberto, Minas Gerais. Foram realizadas coletas quinzenais de material fértil entre agosto de 1999 e dezembro de 2004. Além do levantamento, fez-se a comparação da composição florística através de análises multivariadas de agrupamento com outras nove áreas (3 de floresta estacional e 6 de ombrófila), cujos levantamentos florísticos de angiospermas tiveram abordagem semelhante. Cada análise foi processada para o conjunto total das espécies e para oito hábitos: árvores (incluindo arvoretas), arbustos, trepadeiras (lenhosas e herbáceas), ervas terrícolas, ervas saxícolas, epífitas, hemiepífitas e parasitas. Na ReBio do Grama foram registradas 644 espécies de angiospermas, distribuídas em 370 gêneros e 100 famílias. Licófitas e samambaias estão representadas por 64 espécies, distribuídas em 37 gêneros e 16 famílias. Seis espécies de angiospermas foram descritas como novas para a ciência. Fabaceae (55 spp.) foi a família com maior riqueza específica, seguida de Rubiaceae (50 spp.), Melastomataceae (28 spp.), Bignoniaceae e Orchidaceae (27 spp. cada) e Myrtaceae (25 spp.). As análises multivariadas sugeriram que os gradientes longitudinais, latitudinais e altitudinais interferem de formas distintas sobre os padrões de riqueza dos diferentes hábitos. O número reduzido de espécies compartilhadas entre as áreas, associado com alta riqueza regionalizada de alguns hábitos demonstra a importância da conservação de fragmentos nas diferentes regiões geográficas da Floresta Atlântica como estratégia para maximizar a conservação da diversidade existente neste domínio fitogeográfico. Palavras-chave: composição florística, Mata Atlântica, Zona da Mata. AbstractThe vascular plants survey of a remnant of semideciduous seasonal forest in the Atlantic Forest Biome was carried out in the ReBio do Grama, municipality of Descoberto, Minas Gerais, through forthnightly trips to collect fertile specimens between August 1999 and December 2004. The angiosperms included 644 species distributed in 370 genera and 100 families, including 6 species new to science, while the lycophytes and ferns included 64 species in 37 genera and 16 families. Fabaceae (55 spp.) was the family with the highest number of species, followed by Rubiaceae (50 spp.), Melastomataceae (28 spp.), Bignoniaceae and Orchidaceae (27 spp. each) and Myrtaceae (25 spp.). Once the survey was concluded, a comparison between it and the floristic composition of other nine areas (3 of seasonal and 6 of dense ombrophilous forest) was performed through multivariate analysis. These 9 sites were chosen as their surveys also included all angiosperm habits rather Flora vascular da Reserva Biológica da Represa do Grama, Minas Gerais, e sua relação florística com outras florestas do sudeste brasileiro IntroduçãoA despeito da grande perda de sua cobertura vegetal, a Florest...
Moranopteris, a new genus of grammitid ferns here described, is segregated from Micropolypodium on the basis of molecular phylogenetic analyses (plastid sequences including atpB, rbcL, and trnL‐trnF) and morphological characters. Bayesian and maximum parsimony analyses support Moranopteris as sister clade to a group that includes Micropolypodium s.str. and 11 or 12 other genera, mostly from the Old World. A morphological synapomorphy for the species of Moranopteris is the presence of minute and slightly catenate branched hairs (with or without a setiform branch) and sometimes unbranched hairs occurring together on the stipes, costae, and laminar tissues abaxially. In contrast, Micropolypodium s.str. has only minute, catenate, and unbranched hairs borne on the same parts of the leaves. The new genus Moranopteris comprises 28 species—including two new species here described, M. rupicola and M. simplex—and one hybrid, occurring in the Neotropics. The 27 necessary new combinations are here proposed. Our results suggest that Micropolypodium is confined to eastern Asia.
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