Phylogenetic relationships among Pteridaceae, including Brazilian species, inferred from rbcL sequences

Abstract

Phylogenetic relationships among Pteridaceae were established using rbcL sequences, parsimony and posterior probabilities. The analyses involved 38 Pteridaceae species native in Brazil (12 of them endemic) and 81 species of Dennstaedtiaceae, Lindsaeaceae, Saccolomataceae (outgroups) and Pteridaceae. The resultant phylogeny comprehends five main clades: Platyzomatoideae‐Pteridoideae‐Taenitoideae; Ceratopteris‐Acrostichum; Adiantoideae‐vittarioids; Cheilanthoideae; Coniogramme‐Cryptogramma‐Llavea. The cladograms support the most recent classification of Pteridaceae and demonstrate the paraphyly of Cheilanthoideae and the unnaturalness of Ceratopteridoideae, Platyzomatoideae, Pteridoideae, and Taenitidoideae as traditionally defined. Adiantoideae can only be recognized if combined with the vittarioids. Several genera of Pteridaceae appear to be paraphyletic (e.g., as Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Pellaea, Pteris), and new generic affinities suggested by consistent internal clades are proposed.

Phylogenetic relationships of Chinese Adiantum based on five plastid markers

“…2) known as the AD clade as suggested by . Yet the monophyly of Adiantum was not well resolved in previous studies (e.g., Prado et al 2007;Bouma et al 2010). Adiantum raddianum was suggested to be sister to the Vittaria group in the molecular phylogenetic study of Pteridaceae based on the combined atpA/atpB/rbcL analyses by .…”

“…The close relationship among these ferns has been suggested in earlier studies (Hasebe et al 1995;Pryer et al 1995;Schneider et al 2004). Adiantum raddianum was sister to the Vittaria group in the molecular phylogenetic study of Pteridaceae (Prado et al 2007;, suggesting that the vittarioids may be derived from Adiantum. The molecular phylogeny of New Zealand Pteridaceae using chloroplast rbcL sequences suggested that the monophyletic status of Adiantum remained unclear (Bouma et al 2010).…”

“…Smith et al (2006) recognized about 50 genera and 950 species in Pteridaceae, and treated Vittariaceae as a member of Pteridaceae. Several phylogenetic studies have been conducted on this large family (e.g., Gastony and Rollo 1995;Sánchez-Baracaldo 2004a, 2004bZhang et al 2005Zhang et al , 2007Kirkpatrick 2007;Prado et al 2007;Ruhfel et al 2008;Bouma et al 2010). The view of an ancient and isolated Pteridaceae has been supported by recent molecular studies (Schneider et al 2004;), which supported five major clades within the family: the cryptogrammoids (the CR clade), the ceratopteridoids (the CE clade), the pteridoids (the PT clade), the adiantoids (the AD clade), and the cheilanthoids (CH clade) ).…”

Pellaea flavescens, a Brazilian Endemic, is a Synonym of Old WorldPellaea viridis

“…Nonetheless, Tryon and Tryon (1982) placed P. flavescens in Pellaea section Ormopteris, a small group of species mostly endemic to central Brazil, while referring P. viridis to Cheilanthes. Several recent phylogenetic analyses (Gastony and Rollo, 1995;Kirkpatrick, 2007;Prado et al, 2007;Eiserhardt et al, 2011) have demonstrated that both Pellaea and Cheilanthes, as defined by Tryon and Tryon (1982), are polyphyletic. These studies also showed that P. viridis and Pellaea section Ormopteris are not especially close relatives.…”

Revision of Adiantopsis radiata (Pteridaceae) with Descriptions of New Taxa with Palmately Compound Laminae

“…As a result, an abundance of polyphyletic genera have been recognized, notably Cheilatültes Sw., Doryopteris J. Sm., and Pellaea Link (Gastony and Rollo 1995;Gastony and Rollo 1998;Prado et al 2007).…”