Neuropept ides are important neurotransmitters in nasal physiology and the increasing knowledge of their role in nasal diseases brings new therapeutic perspectives. The investigation of human nasal mucosa neuropeptides is based mostly on immunocytochemistry, a complex approach whose resulting factors may be variable. Aiming to make this kind of research available, an immunofluorescence approach for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in human nasal mucosa is proposed and evaluated. Study design: Transversal cohort. Material and Method: Human inferior turbinate samples were obtained at time of nasal surgery from eight patients. The samples were fixed in Zamboni solution (4% phosphate-buffered paraformaldehyde and 0.4% picric acid), snap-frozen and stored at -70ºC. 14 µm sections were then obtained. Immunofluorescence staining for VIP (Peninsula Laboratories) was performed and its images documented by conventional photography. The method's specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility of execution were evaluated. Additionally, the reproducibility of interpretation of results was evaluated through the comparison of staining scores (0 to 4) attributed to the images by six observers.
Results:The results showed the approach to be very specific and sensible, besides being reproducible in its execution. The interpretation of results may depend on the observer's accuracy in judging immunofluorescence images, but it showed uniformity. Conclusion: The proposed method was highly useful for research purposes in neuropeptides in human nasal mucosa.
The causal relation between anatomical variations of the nose and headaches and facial pain is analyzed through literature review of the topic. The pathogenesis that can be involved in this relation proves to be wider than simple alteration of nasal septum and turbinates that can cause mechanical stimulus through contact between these structures, which covers infectious factors, neurogenic inflammation, correlation with migraines and the role of nasal obstruction. The clinical findings of a lot of authors including the test with topical anesthetic to prove this causal relation, the indication of surgical treatment, in addition to good results of this treatment, are reported. The mechanism of pain relief obtained through surgical correction of nasal septum and turbinate is discussed. These data make us conclude that there are multiple etiologic factors involved, which makes us question the fundamental role of the mechanical aspect.
RESUMOObjetivo: verificar a prevalência da deficiência auditiva em um programa de triagem auditiva neonatal e investigar mutações do gene GJB2 naqueles com suspeita de deficiência auditiva. Método: foi realizado estudo longitudinal com 908 RN a termo, pós-termo e pré-termo que foram submetidos à realização da triagem auditiva por meio do teste de Emissão Otoacústica Evocada por Estímulo Transiente (EOA-T) e reflexo cócleo-palpebral (RCP). Para os recém-nascidos, em que houve falha na triagem auditiva em uma ou ambas as orelhas, eram encaminhados para uma segunda avaliação. No reteste, quando o teste de EOA-T resultasse em não passa em uma ou ambas as orelhas, a criança era encaminhada para avaliação e conduta otorrinolaringológica. Após realização do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE) a equipe de avaliadores decidia se deveria encaminhar a criança para investigação da mutação. Quando havia suspeita de deficiência auditiva era colhido 3 mL de sangue venoso periférico para a pesquisa de mutação do gene da conexina 26. Resultados: foi constatado a presença de deficiência auditiva condutiva em 2 recém-nascidos (0,22%) e neurossensorial em 1 (0,11%). Na criança com deficiência auditiva neurossensorial foi detectada a presença da mutação 35delG. Conclusão: a avaliação audiológica em conjunto com exames moleculares das principais mutações do gene GJB2 em recém-nascidos com suspeita da deficiência auditiva contribuiu para a rapidez do diagnóstico audiológico, visando uma intervenção precoce, aconselhamento genético e prognóstico educacional da criança. Conflito de interesses: inexistente intelectual e da linguagem. Este artigo permite contribuir para a epidemiologia da DA, estudando a prevalência em um programa de triagem auditiva neonatal. Alguns estudos citados ao longo deste artigo que contribuíram para a epidemiologia da DA, ora tratam da incidência, ora tratam da prevalência, entretanto possuem significados diferentes. A prevalência
DESCRITORES:
INTRODUÇÃOA deficiência auditiva (DA) acarreta sérios problemas no desenvolvimento cognitivo, social,
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