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Six transition metal dioxides, M002, WO2, ReO2, auO2, OsO2, and IrO2, have been examined as electrodes in H2SO4 solution. The oxides M002, WO2, ReO2, and RuO2 have broad current-potential profiles, indicating the formation of a surface layer which can exist over a range of compositions. Steady-state measurements of 02 reduction showed catalytic activities which were low compared to common 02 catalysts such as Pt, but of the same order as other oxide catalysts. Activities were lowest for WOe and ReO2, which form resistive surface layers of a higher oxide. The only material studied which was sufficiently stable to allow measurement of both 02 evolution and O2 reduction was RuO2. The current-potential profiles of OsO2 and IrO2 are characterized by distinct changes of oxidation state. These two oxides were not sufficiently stable to allow the measurement of 02 reduction. ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 35.8.191.249 Downloaded on 2015-02-09 to IP Vol. 124, No. 8 METAL DIOXIDES 1203 ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 35.8.191.249 Downloaded on 2015-02-09 to IP Vol. I24, No. 8 * Electrochemical Society Active Member, Key words: lithium-silicon electrode, high specific capacity, high current density, molten salt battery. ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 35.8.191.249 Downloaded on 2015-02-09 to IP

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A technique was developed for the preparation of transparent, thin film epoxy samples for direct TEM investigation of the activation of epox:r and the initiation of the electroless Cu reaction. Associated EDX measurements determined the composition of the nucleated Cu particles. The steps of activation with a Pd-Sn colloidal catalyst, acceleration with NaOH, HC1, or EDTA, and initiation of electroless Cu plating were studied individually. All of the accelerators were effective in removing tin from the surface and increasing the initial rate of Cu deposition. The Cu distribution on the epoxy was determined by the accelerator, with NaOH and EDTA giving the most uniform distributions.