An Investigation of the Electrochemistry of a Series of Metal Dioxides with Rutile‐Type Structure: MoO2,  WO 2, ReO2, RuO2, OsO2, and IrO2

Abstract

Six transition metal dioxides, M002, WO2, ReO2, auO2, OsO2, and IrO2, have been examined as electrodes in H2SO4 solution. The oxides M002, WO2, ReO2, and RuO2 have broad current-potential profiles, indicating the formation of a surface layer which can exist over a range of compositions. Steady-state measurements of 02 reduction showed catalytic activities which were low compared to common 02 catalysts such as Pt, but of the same order as other oxide catalysts. Activities were lowest for WOe and ReO2, which form resistive surface layers of a higher oxide. The only material studied which was sufficiently stable to allow measurement of both 02 evolution and O2 reduction was RuO2. The current-potential profiles of OsO2 and IrO2 are characterized by distinct changes of oxidation state. These two oxides were not sufficiently stable to allow the measurement of 02 reduction. ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 35.8.191.249 Downloaded on 2015-02-09 to IP Vol. 124, No. 8 METAL DIOXIDES 1203 ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 35.8.191.249 Downloaded on 2015-02-09 to IP Vol. I24, No. 8 * Electrochemical Society Active Member, Key words: lithium-silicon electrode, high specific capacity, high current density, molten salt battery. ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 35.8.191.249 Downloaded on 2015-02-09 to IP

Interplay Between Size and Crystal Structure of Molybdenum Dioxide Nanoparticles—Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, and Electrochemical Performance

“…The principal challenge for Li‐based rechargeable batteries lies in increasing the capacity, in better understanding and controlling the electrode–electrolyte interface and in improving life‐time and cycling rate. Although the lithiation of MoO 2 as the active material in electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries was shown before,16, 55–59 the focus was on the description of the structural changes of MoO 2 during the electrochemical tests and on the nature of the initial drastic decreases of capacity 60. At the same time, the short lifetime remained the main obstacle towards the practical application of MoO 2 as an electrode material.…”

Recent Progress in Electrocatalysts for Acidic Water Oxidation

“…From 1970s, the electrocatalysts in acidic environment are mainly thin films based on metal oxides, such as MoO 2 , WO 2 , ReO 2 , OsO 2 , RuO 2 , and IrO 2 . [ 36–38 ] At present, the catalytic performance and stability of catalysts in acid have made great progress, including precious metal, [ 39–42 ] oxides, [ 43,44 ] perovskite, [ 45–47 ] nonprecious metal, [ 27,48 ] and metal‐free compounds. [ 49 ]…”

Preparation of nanostructured Cu(OH)2 and CuO electrocatalysts for water oxidation by electrophoresis deposition

“…The materials based on precious metals, such as IrO 2 and RuO 2 , have been extensively studied as water oxidation catalysts since the late 1970s, but the low abundance and high-cost of these noble metals significantly hamper their practical applications. [10][11][12] Therefore, recent efforts have been dedicated to the development of OER catalysts based on earthabundant metals. [13][14][15] Over the past decade, significant advances have been achieved in developing water oxidation catalysts based on the first-row transition metals such as manganese, 16 iron, 13,17 cobalt, 18 and nickel, 14,19 due to their high abundance and low cost.…”