Powering small islands with reliable, affordable and green electricity is a big challenge due to their dispersed geographical location with limited number of consumers and the heavy dependence on fossil fuels. This paper aims to address this challenge of reducing dependency on fossil fuel generators by providing an easy and feasible solution using available and accessible energy resources. The proposed method utilizes the bidirectional energy transfer mechanism available in electric boats to support the consumers' power demand. It proposes a new realtime load-support (RTLS) system with a coordinated control using electric boats (EBs), community generators and battery energystorage systems. It analyzes the management of the intermittent sources-dependent small-scale grid in real time, under various weather, load, and battery state-of-charge conditions. The RTLS system coordinates the customers' load demand with the available EBs, photovoltaics (PVs) and battery storage to provide efficient load support and to regulate the bus voltage and frequency. The efficacy of the proposed system is validated both computationally in a real network and in a laboratory setup. It is found that this novel system can substantially reduce the grid load demand and maintain the power quality under various load/source uncertainties and fault conditions. The system robustness is also evaluated considering undesirable conditions, such as severe threephase faults and sudden EB disconnections. The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the day-ahead loadmanagement approach to validate its effectiveness under various scenarios.
Index Terms--Ancillary support, electric boat, forecasting, island energy management, island power systems, load support. NOMENCLATURE single PV module capacity efficiency of PV module , , , efficiency of converter 1, 2, 3, 4 current from PV , current from EB and battery respectively amount of power supplied from PV to AC bus amount of power supplied from PV to fixed battery EB battery capacity fixed battery capacity , max. charging limit of the EB and battery respectively , min. discharging limit of the EB and battery respectively , SOC of the EB and battery at a particular ( ) time
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