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This study was carried out to assess the concentrations of various heavy metals and their distribution in a hyper-eutrophic urban Tumkur tank system, which is being polluted from industrial, domestic and sewage effluents. Samples of water, fish and soil sediment were analyzed for the concentration of seven heavy metals (iron, zinc, copper, nickel, chromium, lead and cadmium) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The water-soluble (bioavailable) fractions of heavy metals correlated positively with their total concentration, exhibiting the following sequence of bioavailability: Zn > Cd > Ni > Pb > Cu > Cr > Fe. Cyprinus carpio exhibited a maximum bioaccumulation factor for copper (5500). The mean values of all types of collected samples were correlated with the corresponding mean values in a control tank (Teetha tank). The sequence of the order of the concentration of the metals in water, fish and sediment samples DOI 10.2478/v10009-009-0017-5Original research paper Received: Accepted: April 29, 2008 February 7, 2009 Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/10/18 1:52 PM B.M. Sreedhara Nayaka, S. Ramakrishna, Jayaprakash, M.R. Delvi Copyright© by Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Poland 18exhibiting higher values than those observed in the control tank was as follows: Cr > Pb > Cu ≈ Ni > Fe > Cd > Zn, Cr > Cd > Cu ≈ Zn > Pb > Fe ≈ Ni and Fe > Pb > Cr > Cu > Ni > Zn > Cd, respectively. The geoaccumulation indices of the heavy metals revealed that the tank is moderately to strongly contaminated. As Cyprinus carpio is extensively used for human consumption, there is a growing health risk that these metals could find their way into the human food chain.

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Background: ROP is a disorder of the developing retinal blood vessels in the premature infant retina. Objective of present study is to determine the number of babies affected with ROP among the premature and low birth weight babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit or attending neonatal follow up clinic at RRMCH Hospital during a period of one year.Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital Bangalore for 12 months. All eligible babies were screened at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit where temperature is well controlled and the place to handle any emergencies. The pupils were dilated using 2.5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide eye drops instilled three times into each eye at intervals of 15 minutes about one hour before the scheduled examination.Results: 100 babies were screened and followed up. The incidence of ROP is 40%. Gestational age (<37weeks) and low birth weight (2500g) are important risk factors for ROP. Our study concluded that ROP is an important complication of prematurity.Conclusions: The present study highlights the magnitude of the problem due to ROP in a tertiary care centre. Meticulous fundus examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy in all preterm babies with gestational age <37weeks and birth weight ≤2500gms is essential non invasive method for early detection of ROP and its progression.