Go provides artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive science researchers with an easily specified formal domain in which skills of human intelligence cannot be matched by currently known programming techniques. Go is a much more widely played game than chess (principally in Japan, Korea and China), yet it is not well known to AI and cognitive science researchers and our goal in this paper is to introduce some of the challenges of the game to the AI community in the form of a comparison with chess.Go has been called a possible "task par excellence for AI" by Berliner [1] and we conclude that Go is a domain in which the development of new programming techniques is not only possible but is in fact necessary.
Traditional artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to programming the game of Go are based on the translation of local information (modelled by pattern recognition processes) to global symbolic form (modelled by rule-based systems) for access by symbolic reasoning processes. In this paper we explore the converse process -seeking to relate local and global factors by integrating global factors into a local representation which can then be accessed by symbolic reasoning processes.We demonstrate one method for such an integration -the interaction of bottom-up and top-down processing. The algorithm we use in our simulation integrates global factors by directly modifying the numeric information contained in the local representation of the board.We use Go as an example of a domain with the characteristic that local and global factors cannot be identified independently of each other. Thus, to form a representation of a Go board requires an interaction between bottom-up processing (to identify local factors) and top-down processing (to identify global factors). In the final section we briefly relate these constraints to other domains.
This chapter describes the development of the E-News project which examined an interactive journalism approach in Rockhampton, Australia. This project provided an opportunity to examine how the introduction of this new technology into regional media and communication brings into question the traditional roles of the journalist, the editor, the graphic designer and the audience in the production and ‘consumption’ of written material. Such an approach provided the opportunity for grass-roots journalism to be examined for its capacity to provide a clearer insight into the nature of a community journalism-based approach such as the E-News system. It also allowed the examination of the resultant interaction that occurs between users and community. The experiences resulting from the E-News project provide a framework for discussion regarding the potential of approaches such as E-News for community informatics in regional areas resulting from online news environment.
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