“…Ultimately, smartphones may prospectively be a revolutionizing force in the tourism industry (Wang, Park, & Fesenmaier, 2011), as these devices can mediate aspects of the tourism experience (Saari, Yoo, & Tussyadiah, 2008;Tussyadiah & Fesenmaier, 2009;Wang, Park, & Fesenmaier, 2010). The emergence of smartphones and an extensive collection of applications has given tourists a new tool for collecting and disseminating information practically whenever and wherever (Brown & Chalmers, 2003;O'Brien & Burmeister, 2003;Rasinger, Fuchs, & Hopken, 2007). Smartphones also have been found to influence the behaviors of tourists (Kramer, Modsching, Hagen, & Gretzel, 2007;Wang et al, 2011).…”