Background: Hypertensive pregnancy may be responsible for vascular damage, enhanced systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in the placenta as oxygen and nutrient transfer is impaired and oxidative stress is generated affecting the placental growth and development. Placental growth pattern in hypertensive pregnancies shows a variable pattern owing to placental insufficiency. Present study was done to investigate the morphological and histological changes in placenta in hypertensive pregnancy.Methods: A total of 42 pregnant women with hypertensive disorder with gestational age 28-42 weeks and singleton pregnancy were enrolled as cases in the study. A total of 42 matched normotensive pregnant women were enrolled as controls. All the women were followed up till delivery. At delivery, placental specimen were collected and assessed for morphological, morphometric and histological changes. Findings were compared with normotensives. Data was compared using Independent sample’s ‘t’-test and Chi-square test.Results: Mean age of cases was 27.60±4.37 years, majority were gravida 1/2 (66.7%), 45.2% had moderate to severe edema, 50% had urinary albumin levels >100 mg/dl. A total of 8 (19.0%) had gestational hypertension, 16 (38.1%) had preeclampsia, 10 (23.8%) had severe preeclampsia and 8 (19.0%) had eclampsia. Mean placental weight and diameter of cases was significantly higher than that of control group. Mean placental thickness was also higher but difference was not significant statistically. Calcification, infarction and hematoma were seen in 45.2%, 16.7% and 11.9% of cases as compared to 28.6%, 4.97% and 0% of controls. Histologically, syncytial knots, cytotrophoblastic cellular proliferation, hyalinized area, proliferation of medium sized blood vessels, stromal fibrosis and fibrinoid necrosis in significantly higher proportion of cass as compared to controls (p<0.05). Mean fetoplacental ratio was 5.01±0.99 and 5.24±0.61 in controls (p=0.195).Conclusions: Hypertension during pregnancy affects the placental growth and development.
She did her postgraduation from the prestigious Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur. She has presented papers and posters in various national and international conferences and won awards for the same. She has keen interest in academic research of clinical significance.
Endometriosis at the site of previous surgery scar is much on the rise now-a-days mainly due to increased rate of caesarean sections. Generally, it presents as a triad of underlying mass at the incision site, cyclical menstrual scar pain with or without discharge from scar site, and history of previous gynecological or obstetric surgery leads to the preoperative diagnosis. In rare cases, the clinical presentation is atypical, and diagnosis is mad after surgical excision. Here we discuss a case of scar endometriosis that presented to us with complaint of greenish coloured discharge from a lesion below the primary scar site 5 years after the primary surgery. Through this article, authors wish to discuss the etiology, management and preventive measures for scar endometriosis.
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