In analyzing the sources and processes of failure, one can see a certain pattern. Namely, management does not notice the critical situation in time, which due to delayed or incompetently carried out repair actions, ends in company collapse. Development thresholds are occurring in the process of the growth and development of the company. They are often tied with crisis in the company. Their occurrence is preceded with symptoms of future crises in many cases. The analysis and understanding of these symptoms by entrepreneurs may help reduce the number of crises in companies of the SME sector and unintentional economic failure.
The aim of this analysis is to identify the possibility of treating eco-innovation in micro and small enterprises as a factor influencing the energy efficiency of the economy. In order to obtain an answer to such a research question, quantitative research was carried out among Polish enterprises from the SME sector (N = 400). Accordingly, the CATI technique was applied. The selection of enterprises was random and took place in the non-returnable drawing process. The criterion for selecting the sample was the size of enterprises, but in order to ensure the possibility of drawing conclusions based on a sufficiently large research sample, its structure (300 micro and 100 small enterprises) assumed the study of small enterprises in a proportion greater than their actual share in the population of enterprises. As a result of this research, the existence of a relationship between the improvement of the company’s competitive position and its activity in the field of eco-innovation implementation was confirmed. It is shown that the behavior and attitudes of entrepreneurs largely determine the very decisions regarding the use of specific types of eco-innovation, as well as the areas in which they brought about changes influencing the improvement of the competitive position of the surveyed companies. Differences in these decisions can be observed in micro and small companies. This article justifies the notion that the impact of the scale of micro and small companies is important in shaping the energy efficiency of the economy.
The aim of the paper is to indicate types of entrepreneurial behaviour which should be triggered during periods of deterioration of small firms' condition. Research Design & Methods: The study concerned the causes and symptoms of economic failure identified along the trajectories of this phenomenon. The paper uses selected parts of the study related to the non-occurrence of entrepreneurial behaviour or errors in this behaviour identified in the surveyed firms. The entire study was conducted based on the analysis of 32 case studies carried out among the former entrepreneurs of micro and small firms liquidated in the period from 01.01.2006 to 31.12.2011. Findings: The study helped to identify shortcomings in the entrepreneurial process along individual trajectories of economic failure of the surveyed companies. Implications & Recommendations: As a result of the conscious entrepreneurial process, small firms have the opportunity to leave the trajectory of economic failure, indicated by the deteriorating condition of the company. It is therefore necessary to develop knowledge concerning the entrepreneurial process and entrepreneurship among managers of small firms. Contribution & Value Added: According to the author, one of the key factors affecting the survival of small businesses in the period of deterioration of their condition is the initiation of the entrepreneurial process and/or its deliberate continuation. It seems quite natural to base components of this process on the existing support tools for entrepreneurs that are at risk of economic failure. Article type: research paper
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Polityka wsparcia przedsiębiorczości w rozwiniętych gospodarkach jest skoncentrowana na debiutujących przedsiębiorcach. Wiele krajów europejskich uruchomiło programy promujące restart byłych przedsiębiorców, którym nie powiodło się w przeszłości i są zagrożeni wykluczeniem z rynku z powodu tzw. "piętna porażki". Analiza różnic między debiutującymi a ponownymi przedsiębiorcami wskazuje na potrzebę zróżnicowania instrumentów wsparcia. Ważne jest wsparcie informacyjne, doradcze i psychologiczne przedsiębiorców doświadczonych upadłością. Program Polityka Nowej Szansy podejmuje tę kwestię, jednak nie ma wyodrębnionej specjalistycznej pomocy dla byłych przedsiębiorców, którzy pragną na nowo podjąć działalność. Celem artykułu jest ocena zjawiska ponownego rozpoczynania działalności gospodarczej w kontekście możliwości wsparcia tego procesu poprzez aktywną i odpowiednio skonstruowaną politykę państwa. Oceny tej dokonano na podstawie przeglądu literatury tematu oraz raportów monitorowania działań w ramach Polityki Nowej Szansy.
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