Psidium (Myrtaceae) comprises approximately 266 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Psidium taxa have great ecological, economic, and medicinal relevance due to their essential oils’ chemical diversity and biological potential. This review reports 18 Psidium species growing around the world and the chemical and biological properties of their essential oils. Chemically, 110 oil records are reported with significant variability of volatile constituents, according to their seasonality and collection sites. Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes with acyclic (C10 and C15), p-menthane, pinane, bisabolane, germacrane, caryophyllane, cadinane, and aromadendrane skeleton-types, were the primary constituents. The essential oils showed various biological activities, including antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, phytotoxic, larvicidal, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties. This review contributes to the Psidium species rational and economic exploration as natural sources to produce new drugs.
The Eugenia and Syzygium genera include approximately 1000 and 1800 species, respectively, and both belong to the Myrtaceae. Their species present economic and medicinal importance and pharmacological properties. Due to their chemical diversity and biological activity, we are reporting the essential oils of 48 species of these two genera, which grow in South America and found mainly in Brazil. Chemically, a total of 127 oil samples have been described and displayed a higher intraspecific and interspecific diversity for both Eugenia spp. and Syzygium spp., according to the site of collection or seasonality. The main volatile compounds were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, mainly with caryophyllane and germacrane skeletons and monoterpenes of mostly the pinane type. The oils presented many biological activities, especially antimicrobial (antifungal and antibacterial), anticholinesterase, anticancer (breast, gastric, melanoma, prostate), antiprotozoal (Leishmania spp.), antioxidant, acaricidal, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory. These studies can contribute to the rational and economic exploration of Eugenia and Syzygium species once they have been identified as potent natural and alternative sources to the production of new herbal medicines.
The essential oil of Eugenia uniflora has been attributed anti-depressive, antinociceptive, antileishmanial, larvicidal, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. It is known that the cultivation of this plant can be affected by seasonality, promoting alteration in the oil composition and its biological activities. This study aims to perform the annual evaluation of the curzerene-type oil of E. uniflora and determine its antioxidant activity. The oil yield from the dry season (1.4 ± 0.6%) did not differ statistically from that of the rainy season (1.8 ± 0.8%). Curzerene, an oxygenated sesquiterpene, was the principal constituent, and its percentage showed no significant difference between the two periods: dry (42.7% ± 6.1) and rainy (40.8 ± 5.9%). Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses presented a high level of similarity between the monthly samples of the oils. Also, in the annual study, the yield and composition of the oils did not present a significant correlation with the climatic variables. The antioxidant activity of the oils showed inhibition of DPPH radicals with an average value of 55.0 ± 6.6%. The high curzerene content in the monthly oils of E. uniflora suggests their potential for use as a future phytotherapeutic alternative.
This work analyzed the chemical compositions and evaluated the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of essential oils (EO) of Eugenia patrisii (Epat), Eugenia stipitata (Esti), Myrcia splendens (Mspl), Myrcia sylvatica (Msyl), Psidium guajava (Pgua), and Psidium guineense (Pgui-1 and Pgui-2) from the Brazilian Amazon. Sesquiterpenoids were found in high concentrations in the oils of E. patrisii and M. splendens, which were rich in E-caryophyllene (32.0% and 45.8%); E. stipitata and M. sylvatica, which displayed germacrene D (11.8%) and germacrene B (24.5%); and P. guajava that showed epi-β-bisabolol (16.1%) as the main compound. However, P. guineense samples (Pgui-1 and Pgui-2) were rich in monoterpenoids such as limonene (Pgui-1: 30.2%; Pgui-2 30.4%) and α-pinene (Pgui-1: 22.5%; Pgui-2: 17.7%). The samples showed a weak and moderate antioxidant activities in the DPPH assay, displaying inhibition rates from 11.5% to 38.6% (at 10 mg/mL). All samples were cytotoxic against human cancer cells by the MTT method. Epat oil showed higher activity against melanoma (SKMEL-19, IC505.8 µg/mL), gastric (AGP01, IC503.2 µg/mL), and colon (HCT116, IC506.7 µg/mL). Meanwhile, the samples Pgua and Pgui were more active against breast cancer cells (MCF7, IC5012.4 µg/mL and 11.6 µg/mL, respectively).
ABSTRACT:The ornamental Ginger is a tropical plant widely used in gardens or as a cut flower in floral arrangements; however, there are no studies on its post-harvest conservation associated with the stem cutting size and the use of cassava starch. Thus, this study aims to determine the optimal stem cutting size and the effect of cassava starch biofilms in order to increase shelf life. The stems were collected in three sizes: 10, 15 and 20 cm and subjected to five treatments with cassava starch: control, 2, 4, 6 and 8%. Authors evaluated every four days fresh weight loss and quality of inflorescences. The cutting size, when associated with the different cassava starch concentrations, showed different values over the storage time. The stems harvested with 10 cm had a lower percentage of weight loss and higher quality score. The concentration of 4% starch reduced weight loss and preserved the quality of stems regardless of the cutting size and it is, therefore, the recommended concentration for the conservation of ornamental ginger by favoring commercial life of up to 16 days. Keywords:Zingiber spectabile, cassava starch, tropical flowers, post-harvest.Tamanho do corte da haste e do biofilme na longevidade de gengibre ornamental RESUMO: O gengibre ornamental é uma planta tropical muito utilizada em jardins ou como flor de corte em arranjos florais, todavia, não se tem estudos sobre sua conservação pós-colheita associada ao tamanho de corte da haste e o uso da fécula de mandioca. Assim, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo determinar o tamanho ideal de corte das hastes e o efeito do biofilme de fécula de mandioca visando o aumento da vida de prateleira. As hastes foram colhidas em três tamanhos: 10, 15 e 20 cm e submetidas a cinco tratamentos com fécula de mandioca: Controle, 2, 4, 6 e 8%. Avaliou-se a cada quatro dias a perda de massa fresca e a qualidade das inflorescências. O tamanho do corte quando associado as diferentes concentrações de fécula de mandioca apresentaram valores diferentes ao longo do tempo de armazenamento. As hastes colhidas com 10 cm apresentaram menor percentual de perda de massa e maior índice de qualidade. A concentração de fécula a 4% reduziu a perda de massa e preservou a qualidade das hastes independente do tamanho de corte avaliado sendo, portanto a recomendada para a conservação de gengibre ornamental por favorecer vida útil comercial de até 16 dias. Palavras-chave:Zingiber spectabile, fécula de mandioca, flores tropicais, pós-colheita.Recebido em março/2016; Aceito em julho/2016.
O araça amarelo apresenta interessante potencial nutricional e funcional devido a sua atividade antioxidante e a presença de compostos bioativos e qualitativos que favorecem seu consumo nas mais variadas formas, contudo a baixa vida útil desse fruto compromete sua comercialização na forma in natura, sendo a forma processada incompatível com o desejo do consumidor em elaborar um novo produto. Deste modo o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da radiação UV-C como tecnologia de conservação sobre os aspectos fisiológicos e no prolongamento da vida útil do araça amarelo armazenado em condição de temperatura ambiente. Os frutos foram expostos aos raios UV-C por 0 (controle), 3 e 6 minutos e avaliados a cada quatro dias por 12 dias sobre as seguintes variáveis: Perda de massa fresca, firmeza do fruto, coloração da casca, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, índice de maturação, teor de vitamina C, teor de clorofila, carotenóides, taxa respiratória e produção de etileno. A qualidade dos araçás foi comprometida logo após o quarto dia nos frutos do tratamento controle caracterizando pela elevada perda de massa e firmeza dos frutos além de perda da coloração natural e pico da atividade respiratória e da produção de etileno. A exposição à radiação por 3 e 6 minutos pouco diferiu entre si para as características avaliadas e mantiveram vida útil dos frutos por até 8 dias com pico da taxa respiratória e produção de etileno e ausência de podridões. A exposição dos frutos por 3 minutos é suficiente em gerar alterações fisiológicas benéficas quanto à qualidade dos frutos.
O copo de leite é muito apreciado tanto como flor para uso em arranjos florais bem como em jardins, contudo, os aspectos relacionados à determinação do ponto de colheita e o prolongamento da sua vida útil pós-colheita ainda são bem escassos na literatura. Diante disso o presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a relação entre o estádio de abertura floral das espatas de copo de leite e a sua conservação em solução de pulsing a base de ácido cítrico. Para tanto adotou-se um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 4 x 6; três estádios de abertura floral, quatro concentrações de ácido cítrico e seis tempos de armazenamento com cinco repetições e três hastes por parcela experimental. As análises de qualidade e perda de massa fresca (%) ocorreram a cada dois dias e revelaram interação significativa entre os três fatores analisados (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que o uso de ácido cítrico a 30% mantém a qualidade das hastes florais independente do estádio de colheita. A vida útil das amostras foi de 4, 6 e 8 dias para espatas colhidas totalmente abertas, 1/3 abertas e totalmente fechadas, respectivamente.
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