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This study examines the relationship between criminal behaviour over the life-course, and IPV perpetration and general violence in later life. The study uses data on a subsample (N=585) from the Dutch Criminal Career and Life-Course Study, and combines officially registered longitudinal data on convictions with self-reported data on IPV perpetration, violent offending, and several individual factors, collected at age 60. The results show that those with a history of persistent violent offending over the life-course are at increased risk of perpetrating IPV and other violent crimes in later life. Additionally, certain background and current factors are also related to IPV perpetration. Men who have experienced family violence in childhood and those who are married are more likely to report IPV perpetration, whereas relationship quality and employment are associated with a reduced likelihood of IPV perpetration. The findings suggest that an integrated theoretical approach is most useful to understand IPV perpetration, with the ultimate aim of informing evidence-based interventions necessary for reducing IPV in society.

Life-course criminological research has consistently suggested that employment can reduce criminal behavior. However, it is unclear whether the financial aspects of employment or the social control that inheres in employment best explains the relationship between employment and reduced offending. By using longitudinal information on a sample of men and women (N = 540) who were institutionalized in a Dutch juvenile justice institution in the 1990s, this study examines the effects of employment as well as the different types of income support on crime. Random-and fixed-effects models show that for men, both work and income support are associated with a reduction in the rate of offending. For women, however, although employment is correlated with a lower offending rate, receiving income support, and in particular disability benefits, is correlated with a higher offending rate. The findings support both theories that stress the financial motivation for crime as well as theories that emphasize the importance of informal social control for reducing offending.Life-course criminology argues that making successful transitions to adult social roles facilitates desistance from offending during the young adult years. A successful transition into the labor market seems especially important in this respect as unemployment has repeatedly been found to be related to adult crime (Lageson and Uggen, 2013). Being employed provides potential offenders with a source of income, thereby diminishing their financial motivations for committing offenses. In addition, continued involvement in work may provide potential offenders with a structured daily routine, a social network of conventional colleagues, and a sense of meaning and self-worth, which they are increasingly unlikely to be willing to jeopardize by engaging in criminal behavior. Research up to this *

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Purpose This article examines adult outcomes of vulnerable youths. Methods The sample consists of 251 boys and girls who were institutionalized in a Dutch juvenile justice institution in the 1990s. Information on personal and childhood characteristics was extracted from treatment files that were compiled during their stay in the institution. In addition, conviction data was used to determine subjects' criminal careers. Conducting face-to-face interviews with these former JJI detainees when they were on average 34 years old, we collected retrospective information on employment history and several important current life course outcomes. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify distinct offending and employment groups. Results Results showed that previously institutionalized youths experience difficulties adjusting to conventional adult life. Most personal and childhood characteristics exert no significant effect on adult outcomes. Criminal behaviour in young adulthood does J Dev Life Course Criminology (2016) 2:466-493 DOI 10.1007/s40865-016-0040-