An experiment was conducted to study ileal digestibility of nutrients and to verify the ability of broilers to select feed in order to meet their requirements for protein and energy. The treatments consisted of six diets: R+S: free-choice feeding with rice bran (energy) and soybean meal (protein); C+G: free-choice feeding with corn (energy) and corn gluten meal (protein); R+G: free-choice feeding with rice bran (energy) and corn gluten meal (protein); C+S: free-choice feeding with corn (energy) and soybean meal (protein); R+C+G+S: free-choice feeding with rice bran and corn (energy) and corn gluten meal and soybean meal (protein); and BD: basal diet represented by a complete diet composed of 63% corn and 33% soybean meal. The results indicated that the adjustment to nutritional requirements does not depend only on the ability of birds to select feed. It might also depend on intake and ingredient quality, since some ingredients did not provide a balanced amount of nutrients. The birds were able to fulfill their requirements for maintenance, that is, they consumed the minimum amount of amino acids (g per day) for maximum growth. The free-choice group with corn gluten meal as the protein source had the worst performance, which indicated that this feed is not recommended as a primary source of amino acids for broilers. The C+G diet presented the highest digestibility coefficient of dry matter and crude protein, whereas the C+S diet resulted in the highest digestibility coefficient of ether extract and nitrogen-free extract, indicating that diet digestibility was affected by the type of feed used as energy and protein sources. In general, the high digestibility values indicate that broilers are able to efficiently digest and absorb the supplied feed
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito da inclusão de alho em pó (Allium sativum) em rações para frangos, sobre desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e partes, peso de órgãos, níveis de colesterol e triacilgliceróis sangüíneos, e morfometria intestinal. Foram utilizados 720 pintainhos machos Cobb, com um dia de idade, distribuídos em blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos: ração sem promotor de crescimento (PC), sem anticoccidiano (AC) e com 0,00, 0,25, 0,50, 0,75 e 1,00% de alho; e ração com PC+AC, com quatro repetições de 30 aves cada. Peso, ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e mortalidade foram obtidos aos 21 e 42 dias de idade. Aos 42 dias de idade foram abatidas 20 aves por tratamento para determinação do rendimento de carcaça e 4 aves para avaliação do peso de órgãos e morfometria intestinal. Sangue de 8 aves por tratamento foi colhido para determinação de colesterol e triacilgliceróis. Em aves alimentadas até 42 dias de idade com ração sem promotor de crescimento e anticoccidiano, a inclusão de até 1,00% de alho em pó beneficiou a conversão alimentar e não alterou o rendimento de carcaça e partes, peso relativo dos órgãos, mucosa intestinal, nem os níveis séricos de colesterol e triacilgliceróis. O alho não substitui com eficiência o antibiótico usado como promotor de crescimento em rações de frangos.Termos para indexação: colesterol, nutrição de aves, rendimento de carcaça, triacilgliceróis. Powdered garlic in the alternative feeding of broiler chickensAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the inclusion of powered garlic (Allium Sativum) in diets of broiler chickens and the effect of this inclusion on the performance, carcass yield and parts, organ weights, serum cholesterol and triacilglycerols levels, as well as intestinal morphometry. Seven hundred and twenty male Cobb chicks one-day-old were distributed in randomized blocks with six treatments: diet without growth promoter and without anticoccidial (GP+AC) and with 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00% of powered garlic, and diet with GP+AC, with four replications of 30 chickens each. Chickens were reared up to 42 days old. Weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and mortality were obtained at 21 and 42 days. At the 42 nd , 20 chickens per treatment were slaughtered in order to determine carcass yield and other 4 chickens per treatment were used to estimate organ weights and intestinal morphology. Blood of 8 chickens per treatment was collected to determine cholesterol and triacilglycerols. For the birds feeding on the diet without growth promoter and without anticoccidial, the inclusion up to 1.00% of powered garlic in the diet improved feed conversion and did not alter carcass yield and parts, organ weights, intestinal mucous or influenced the serum levels of cholesterol and triacilglycerols. The garlic did not replace efficiently the antibiotic.
Silagem de grãos úmidos de milho em ração de frangos de corte 1021Silagem de grãos úmidos de milho em substituição ao milho seco da ração de frangos de corte criados em dois sistemas High moisture corn grains silage in substitution of diet dry corn to broilers bred in two systemsAbstract -The aim of this work was to evaluate the inclusion of high moisture corn grains silage, in substitution of dry corn, in diets of broilers bred in conventional and alternative systems. One-day old male Cobb chicks (720) were distributed in randomized blocks, according to a 2x3 factorial consisting of two systems (conventional and alternative), and three levels of silage (0%, 30% and 60%), with four replications per treatment. Means of weight, weight gain, ration consumption, feed conversion, production factor and mortality were obtained in 21, 42 and 49 days old broilers. In the final of the experiment 28 chickens per treatment were used to determine carcass yield, cuts and abdominal fat. The inclusion in diet until 60% of humid grain corn silage, in substitution of dry corn, decreased the ration cost, without affecting performance (in 21, 42 and 49 days old) and carcass yield of broilers (49 days). In alternative breeding system, independently of inclusion level of high moisture corn grains silage, performance was lower, however the economic return was higher.
The 13C turnover rates of the liver and thoracic pectoral muscle of growing broilers were determined by feeding diets with varying 13C content. Male chicks (1-d-old) were subjected to treatments based on free choice of 5 different mixes of energy and protein sources from plants with C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways that had differing 13C content. Rice bran (R) and soybean meal (S) were the C3 sources, while maize (C) and maize gluten meal (G) were the C4 sources. Choices were R + S, C + G, R + G, C + S or R + C + G + S. The 6th treatment was a complete feed (CF) that was similar to a commercial broiler feed. The isotopic composition of the birds' tissues was representative of the isotopic composition of the diets. The assimilation was faster for C3, in both liver and muscle, than for C4 diets, and give the delta per mil difference between the diet and tissues. The liver is the most active metabolic tissue and gave more rapid isotope turnover than in muscle.
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