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Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis A (HAV) in children and adolescents aged 1 to 14 years, and to identify factors associated with a history of infection.Methods: This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study, conducted form February to August 2006 in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, and the surrounding municipalities (Greater Curitiba). Laboratory analysis comprised qualitative assay for total HAV antibodies in whole blood samples.Results: A total of 901 children and adolescents were recruited for the study. Age distribution was as follows: 1 to 4 years, n = 237 (26.3%); 5 to 9 years, n = 313 (34.7%); and 10 to 14 years, n = 351 (39%). The global rate of seroprevalence was 19.8%, and seroprevalence rates by age group were 3%, 21.1% and 29.9% respectively (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the following factors, in combination, had a positive association with the prevalence rate of antibodies against HAV in the study population: age groups 5 to 9 and 10 to 14 years, living in a household with more than one inhabitant per room, shared eating area and low per capita income. Conclusions:The results show a low prevalence of antibodies against HAV, which justifies the use of prophylactic measures, including early vaccination. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(5):419-24:Hepatitis A, seroepidemiological study, child, adolescent. ResumoObjetivos: Avaliar a soroprevalência de hepatite A (VHA) em crianças e adolescentes com idade entre 1 e 14 anos, e identificar fatores associados à infecção prévia.Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico transversal, realizado entre fevereiro e agosto de 2006, em Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil, e em sua região metropolitana. A análise laboratorial constituiu-se de pesquisa qualitativa de anticorpos totais para o VHA em amostra de sangue total. Resultados: No estudo, 901 crianças e adolescentes foram incluídos.A distribuição por faixa etária foi: 237 (26,3%) entre 1 e 4 anos; 313 (34,7%) entre 5 e 9 anos; e 351 (39%) entre 10 e 14 anos. A taxa de soroprevalência geral encontrada foi de 19,8%, e por grupo etário foi de 3, 21,1 e 29,9% (p < 0,01), respectivamente. Na análise multivariada, demonstrou-se que os fatores que, em conjunto, mantiveram associação positiva com as prevalências de anticorpos contra o VHA na população estudada foram: faixa etária de 5 a 9 e 10 a 14 anos, morar em casas com um ou mais habitantes por cômodo, frequentar refeitório comunitário e ter baixa renda per capita. Conclusões:Os resultados demonstraram uma baixa prevalência de anticorpos contra o VHA, o que justifica o uso de medidas profiláticas, que incluem a vacinação precoce. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(5):419-24:Hepatite A, estudo soroepidemiológico, criança, adolescente. Seroprevalence of hepatitis A in children and adolescents IntroduçãoO vírus da hepatite A (VHA) é o maior responsável por quadros de hepatite aguda viral em crianças 1 e também é responsável por 75% de todos os casos de hepatite viral no mundo. Essa doença apresenta distribuição mundial, ocorrendo com maior fr...

Background:Pityriasis lichenoides (PL) is a lymphoproliferative disease of unknown origin; its diagnosis is based on clinical characteristics and confirmed by histology.Objectives:To describe clinical and histological features of PL in 29 pediatric patients.Materials and Methods:Retrospective descriptive study of children (patients less than 15 years old) diagnosed with PL between 1986 and 2010 at a Reference Service in Pediatric Dermatology from South Brazil.Results:Twenty-nine PL cases were found by chart review in 24 years. Mean age of diagnosis was 8 years (22 to 178 months) and a mean time of diagnosis was 13.8 months (1 to 120 months). Twenty cases (69%) were male. Seasonal correlation was found with colder months in 62% of cases (p<0.01). Clinical diagnosis was pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC) in 25 cases, and pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) in four. Itching was the main reported symptom occurring in 13 (45%). Fourteen cases had been histologically evaluated. In six, microscopic findings were consistent with PLC, in four consistent with PLEVA, and four biopsies exhibited mixed characteristics of both forms. Concordance between clinical and histological diagnosis was seen in most cases.Conclusion:PL occurs in children and young adults, more commonly in males, and during cold months. PLC was the more frequent clinicohistologic form, and necrotic lesions characterized PLEVA. Associating clinical and histological findings is important for differentiating between PLC and PLEVA diagnosis.

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Foreign-body ingestion is a common complaint in children's emergency medical services. It usually has an accidental etiology; however, it can be intentional and deliberate. The first description of accidental foreign-body ingestion occurred in 1692, when the 4-year-old Crown Prince of Brandenburg, Frederick the Great, swallowed a shoe buckle. The types of foreign bodies are very varied. In the United States, coins are the most accidentally ingested objects, while in China and other Eastern countries, fish bones and bones of animals served as food are the most common foreign bodies in emergencies 1 .Although foreign-body ingestion is common in emergency medical services, there are no care protocols for this clinical scenario. This study aimed to suggest a care protocol for foreign-body ingestion, address the clinical aspects, and identify the ingested object, severity, and professional conduct. METHODSThis is a qualitative study performed in accordance with the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR). We searched in books and scientific articles that analyzed foreign-body ingestion in pediatrics. As inclusion criteria, full original articles were used, published in the period from 2000 to 2019 (Portuguese, Spanish, and English). As exclusion criteria, incomplete articles were considered, which did not cover the specific theme and were duplicated in the databases.We retrieved the articles through the following databases: BIREME, SCIELO, LILACS, and MEDLINE/PubMed. We used the descriptors: "corpos estranhos," "acidentes domésticos," "pediatria" (in Portuguese); "cuerpo extraño," "acidentes domésticos," "pediatria" (in Spanish); and "foreign bodies," "Accidents, Home," "pediatrics" (in English).