In order to utilise energy-rich solid waste, its liquid conversion into valuable hydrocarbon (HC) chains is one of the ways followed worldwide to decrease the oil processing and waste landfilling at the same time. The unique fixed bed updraft gasification reactor with an oscillating circular grate, situated in VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic, can generate up to 90 m 3 •h− 1 of CO and H 2-rich synthetic gas. Such valuable mixture is suitable for the gas to liquid conversion in Fischer-Tropsch Micro Catalyst Bed (F-T MCB) unit, where more complex substances of higher temperature and pressure form in the environment. This article focuses on solid-recovered fuel (SRF) gained as a mixture of industrial and communal waste sources. Gasification of such material in the fixed bed reactor can produce approximately 600 and 250 m 3 of CO and H 2 , respectively, per ton of SRF in the abided gasification conditions. The gas, retrieved from the process, undergoes a thermochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst within the reactor of the Fischer-Tropsch unit. As a result, a highly valued HC liquid is achieved from the suitable, non-recyclable waste treatment. Cobalt and iron catalysts in their plain form, as well as the catalysts enriched with Mn/K enhancers are put in comparison in this study. The quality and quantity of the synthesis product are examined and the technological aspects of both units are described. The amount of HC synthesis product ranges from 18 to 45 kg per ton of fuel. The composition tends to form HC chains in favour of groups of alcohols and alkanes.

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This paper describes a series of experiments performed to study the explosion characteristics of propanol isomer (1-propanol and 2-propanol)–air binary mixtures. The experiments were conducted in two different experimental arrangements—a 0.02 m3 oil-heated spherical vessel and a 1.00 m3 electro-heated spherical vessel—for different equivalence ratios between 0.3 and 1.7, and initial temperatures of 50, 100, and 150 °C. More than 150 pressure–time curves were recorded. The effects of temperature and test vessel volume on various explosion characteristics, such as the maximum explosion pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise, deflagration index, and the lower and upper explosion limits were investigated and the results were further compared with the results available in literature for other alcohols, namely methanol, ethanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentanol. The most important results from evaluated experiments are the values of deflagration index 89–98 bar·m/s for 2-propanol and 105–108 bar·m/s for 1-propanol/2-propanol–air mixtures. These values are used to describe the effect of isomer blends on a deflagration process and to rate the effects of an explosion.

The distribution of pollutants in two urban scale models (point emission source and street canyon with extensive transport) was investigated by means of CO(2) laser photoacoustic spectroscopy in the region of the atmospheric window (9-10 mum). The experimental results of physical modeling are in a good agreement with the numerical calculations performed in the frame of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling. Methanol, ethanol, and ozone (examples of light pollutants), as well as sulfur hexafluoride and 1,2 dichlorethane (examples of heavy pollutants), were selected on the basis of their high resolution spectra acquired by Fourier transform and laser diode spectroscopy.

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Corrosion is typical of the damage that occurs in ageing pressure vessels and pipelines used in industrial processes as a result of reactive products inside or harsh environmental conditions on the outside. Motivation for this article is to summarize cases, causes, consequences, and prevention in terms of models for the prediction of explosion pressure from BLEVEs. The contribution deals with real scenarios of accidents associated with transport and storage pressurized facilities with corrosive flammable chemicals. While the LPG, propane, and butane BLEVEs are well described in the literature, the information about corrosive and toxic flammable substances are rather scarce. The study presents the results of hazardous zone calculation for the event of ammonia corrosive non-flammable chemical releases. For calculations of the BLEVE overpressure, AICHE ́s Prugh ́s and Baker ́s models together with Effects 9.0.8. Rupture of vessels model were used for this study.