Allan variance for optimal signal averaging—monitoring by diode–laser and CO2 laser photo-acoustic spectroscopy

Skřínský, Jan; Janečková, Radmila; Grigorová, Eva; Střižík, Michal; Kubát, Pavel; Herecová, Lenka; Nevrlý, Václav; Zelinger, Zdeněk; Civiš, Svatopluk

doi:10.1016/j.jms.2009.02.006

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For example, this approach has been used for over 30 years as a standard routine measure of frequency stability in lasers (Fukuda, Tachikawa, and Kinoshita 2003) or atomic clocks (Allan 1987). More recently, the WV has also been used with optical sensors (Kebabian, Herndon, and Freedman 2005), various types of gas monitoring spectrometers (Werle, Mücke, and Slemr 1993; Bowling et al 2003; Skrínskı et al 2009), sonic anemometer-thermometers (Loescher et al 2005), inertial sensors (El-Sheimy, Hou, and Niu 2008; Guerrier 2009), and radio-astronomical instrumentation (Schieder and Kramer 2001). The WV was also used in Percival and Guttorp (1994) to analyze vertical ocean shear measurements.…”

Section: The Wavelet Variancementioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelet-Variance-Based Estimation for Composite Stochastic Processes

Guerrier

Skaloud

Stebler

et al. 2013

Journal of the American Statistical Association

126

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This article presents a new estimation method for the parameters of a time series model. We consider here composite Gaussian processes that are the sum of independent Gaussian processes which, in turn, explain an important aspect of the time series, as is the case in engineering and natural sciences. The proposed estimation method offers an alternative to classical estimation based on the likelihood, that is straightforward to implement and often the only feasible estimation method with complex models. The estimator furnishes results as the optimization of a criterion based on a standardized distance between the sample wavelet variances (WV) estimates and the model-based WV. Indeed, the WV provides a decomposition of the variance process through different scales, so that they contain the information about different features of the stochastic model. We derive the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator for inference and perform a simulation study to compare our estimator to the MLE and the LSE with different models. We also set sufficient conditions on composite models for our estimator to be consistent, that are easy to verify. We use the new estimator to estimate the stochastic error's parameters of the sum of three first order Gauss-Markov processes by means of a sample of over 800,000 issued from gyroscopes that compose inertial navigation systems. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

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Section: The Wavelet Variancementioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelet-Variance-Based Estimation for Composite Stochastic Processes

Guerrier

Skaloud

Stebler

et al. 2013

Journal of the American Statistical Association

126

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“…Averaging the signal over this time reduces the noise and improves the signal to noise ratio, and hence the minimum detection limit of the instrument. For a signal which includes random noise and instrumental drift, the Allan deviation firstly decreases proportionally with the reciprocal of the square root of the averaging (integration) time and then increases as instrumental drift becomes significant (Werle et al, 1993;Skřínský et al, 2009). We used a Matlab code written by Fabian Czerwinski (Czerwinski, 2010) to calculate the Allan deviation for the absorption, scattering and extinction signals for the SC-PNS and the PASS-3 as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Instrumental Noise and Minimum Detection Limits Versus Integmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoacoustic and nephelometric spectroscopy of aerosol optical properties with a supercontinuum light source

et al. 2013

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Abstract.A novel multi-wavelength photoacousticnephelometer spectrometer (SC-PNS) has been developed for the optical characterization of atmospheric aerosol particles. This instrument integrates a white light supercontinuum laser with photoacoustic and nephelometric spectroscopy to measure aerosol absorption and scattering coefficients at five wavelength bands (centered at 417, 475, 542, 607, and 675 nm). These wavelength bands are selected from the continuous spectrum of the laser (ranging from 400-2200 nm) using a set of optical interference filters. Absorption and scattering measurements on laboratory-generated aerosol samples were performed sequentially at each wavelength band.To test the instrument we measured the wavelength dependence of absorption and scattering coefficients of kerosene soot and common salt aerosols. Results were favorably compared to those obtained with a commercial 3-wavelength photoacoustic and nephelometer instrument demonstrating the utility of the SC light source for studies of aerosol optical properties at selected wavelengths. Here, we discuss instrument design, development, calibration, performance and experimental results.

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“…Note that the accuracy of the proportionality coefficient, C EtO, is limited by the accuracy of the permeation tube to ±15 %. Allan variance shows how the measurement standard deviation scales with measurement time 269 (Skřínský et al, 2009). Note that the system provides a short-term precision of ±1.7 ppb (1σ, 10 270 s) that improves to better than ±0.5 ppb (1σ) with 15 minutes of averaging.…”

Section: Linearity and Relationship Between C Eto And Eto Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Measurements of Ethylene Oxide Using Cavity-enhanced Absorption Spectrometry near 3066 cm–1

Gupta

Chan²,

Sullivan³

et al. 2022

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a key carcinogen that is widely used in chemical manufacturing and biotechnology industries. Recent work has suggested that permissible exposure limits for EtO be reduced from 1 -5 ppm to sub-ppb levels. Such new standards will require new methodologies that are capable of measuring EtO with the requisite precision. In this paper, we demonstrate a new analyzer based on cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometry that utilizes a broad EtO absorption feature near 3066 cm -1 . A fit function is developed that includes water, methane, and EtO absorbances and accounts for absorption both inside and outside the cavity. A methane standard is used to determine the cavity gain factor, and the EtO absorbance spectrum is empirically determined. The final system shows excellent linearity from 0 -909 ppb EtO (R 2 ~0.9999) with a measurement precision of better than ±1 ppb (1σ, 60 seconds) that improved to ±0.5 ppb (1σ, 15 minutes). Deliberate ambient EtO releases demonstrate the instrument's utility in rapidly detecting hazardous conditions. Further work will include improving the measurement precision and directly comparing the system to EPA Method TO-15.

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Allan variance for optimal signal averaging—monitoring by diode–laser and CO2 laser photo-acoustic spectroscopy

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Wavelet-Variance-Based Estimation for Composite Stochastic Processes

Wavelet-Variance-Based Estimation for Composite Stochastic Processes

Photoacoustic and nephelometric spectroscopy of aerosol optical properties with a supercontinuum light source

Trace Measurements of Ethylene Oxide Using Cavity-enhanced Absorption Spectrometry near 3066 cm–1

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