Isotretinoin (ISO) is an oral prescription-only retinoid, well known for its acne-treating effect. However, it affects a substantial number of human cell types, causing a broad spectrum of adverse effects. The purpose of this study is to establish the isotretinoin therapy adverse events among human clinical trials and their prevalence. Two authors (J.K., J.L.) systematically performed the literature review and assessment from December 2021–February 2022. Three databases (PubMed, ClinicalTrials, and Cochrane Library) were searched using the following terms: “isotretinoin acne vulgaris” for published studies in English from 1980–2021. Finally, 25 randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and five open-label clinical trials provided 3274 acne vulgaris suffering patients. Isotretinoin therapy affects almost all of the systems in the human body, causing numerous adverse events. However, they mainly concern mild mucocutaneous conditions (severe cases are rare) and represent individual responses to a drug. In addition, all adverse events are reversible and can be avoided by specific preparations.
Background and Objectives: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is an effective surgical procedure in the treatment of obesity. However, a significant percentage of patients suffer from weight regain over long-term follow-up. The mechanisms responsible for this process are still poorly understood. The aim of the study is to evaluate the predictive effect of weight regain in the second year after SG on long-term bariatric surgery effectiveness. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed using the database of routinely collected information about patients undergoing SG in the Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Elderly Surgery in Olsztyn. Patients were divided into two groups according to the change in body weight between the first and second years after the surgery: weight gainers (WG) and weight maintainers (WM). Results: A study group consisting of 206 patients, with follow-up over 5 years, was included in the study. The WG group consisted of 69 patients while the WM group had 137 patients. There were no significant differences between the patient characteristics (p > 0.05). The WM group had a mean %EWL of 7.45% (SD, 15.83%) and %TWL of 3.74 (SD, 8.43). The WG group had a mean %EWL of 22.78% (SD, 17.11%) and %TWL of 11.29% (SD, 8.68). The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The study showed significantly better results in WM compared to WG (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Weight regain in the second year after SG may be a good factor for long-term bariatric surgery effectiveness prognosis.
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