Dermatoglyphics has proved to be a very useful tool used for identification of many gene-linked abnormalities and diseases. Lip prints which as dermatoglyphics are unique to individuals have also been shown to be a useful genetic marker in some congenital and clinical diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the association between finger and lip prints patterns and diabetes mellitus using subjects in Zaria, Nigeria. 277 were examined: 101 diabetics and 126 normal subjects. The digital dermatoglyphic patterns were studied using method of Cummins while the lip prints were identified and classified according to method of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi. The results show that there is an association between finger print patterns of males with diabetes mellitus. The lip prints pattern of male and female diabetics also shows association with diabetes mellitus. From the study we could conclude that male with arch pattern of finger print in their right hand are at risk of developing diabetes also males with reticular pattern of lip prints have a higher risk of developing diabetes whereas those with intersected pattern have lesser chance of coming down with the disease. The result also shows that females with undifferentiated type of lip prints are at higher risk of developing diabetes.

Serum levels of aspartic transaminase (AST) was significantly increased in animals treated with CCL4 when compared to the control group while L-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly decreased in animals treated with CCL4 when compared to the control group. This increase and decrease in liver enzymes was almost restored to normal in animals treated with N. sativa and CCl4 has that of the control. Antioxidant status in the blood serum was estimated by determining the activities of superoxide dismustase (SOD), catalase (CAT), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. For histopathological evaluation, liver of

Objectives:To determine the average health-related quality of life (HRQOL) score levels and their determinants in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted for relevant observational studies published between April 2007 and April 2017 in MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, and CINAHL databases.Results:Thirteen observational studies with a total sample of 8635 subjects comprising 53.3% male with an aggregate mean age of 59.5 (SD 14.9) years were included in this review. Of the 8 generic HRQOL domains of the Short-Form Health Surveys, Social Functioning had the highest mean score whereas General Health had the lowest mean score in patients with predialysis CKD. Physical component summary (PCS) was more impaired than mental component summary (MCS). The determinants of poor HRQOL in predialysis CKD patients included both modifiable risk factors such as comorbidities (namely anxiety and depression), low serum hemoglobin level, sedentary lifestyle, unemployment and non-modifiable risk factors such as poor glomerular filtration rate, female gender, and older age. The risk factors impeded PCS more than MCS.Conclusion:Several risk factors influence HRQOL impairment in patients with predialysis CKD, with PCS being more impacted than MCS. The risk factors for poor HRQOL are important for future research and for improving renal care in patients with predialysis CKD.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018093385

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Purpose The present study was aimed at evaluating the role of Momordica charantia L. fruit and Genistein on beta cell, insulin resistance/sensitivity and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic rats. Methods Thirty-five (35) albino rats were divided into seven (7) groups of 5 rats each comprising of five (5) non-diabetic and thirty (30) diabetic rats. Groups 1 and 2 served as the normal control and diabetic control groups respectively and received distill water, groups 3 and 4 received Mormodica charantia L. at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively. Groups 5 and 6 received Genistein at 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg respectively while group 7 received Metformin at 500 mg/kg the experiment lasted for four weeks. All the rats were euthanized at the end of the fourth week. Results Lipid profile, glucose and insulin levels were determined from the analysis of serum parameters and the histology of the pancreas. A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in blood glucose levels was noticed in rats that received Momordica charantia L. (MC) and genistein when compared with diabetic control rats. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were also noted in rats that received MC and Genistein when compared with the diabetic control rats. MC and Genistein significantly increased (P < 0.05) serum insulin level compared to the diabetic control rats. MC and Genistein significantly decreased (p < 0.05) homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level compared with the diabetic control group. Pancreas of rats that received MC and Genistein showed regenerating beta-cells. Conclusion Momordica charantia L. fruit and Genistein were able to enhance beta cell function and prevent lipid accumulation and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats.

Lead (Pb) is a widespread toxic metal found in the environment with potential danger to human health. It is used in the manufacture of batteries, metal products, paints and other domestic substances. This study investigated the effect of aqueous seed extract of Nigella sativa on leadinduced cerebral cortex toxicity in Long Evan's rats. Twenty five Long Evans rats divided into five groups of five animals were used for the study. Group I received Distilled water, group II received aqueous seed extract of Nigella sativa (1000mg/kg), group III received lead (60mg/kg), group IV received lead (60mg/kg) followed by aqueous seed extract of Nigella sativa (1000mg/kg) and group V received lead (60mg/kg) followed by aqueous seed extract of Nigella sativa (500mg/kg) via oral intubation. Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) was used to study anxiety-like behaviour. Activities on the elevated plus maze showed that there was no statistically significant decreased rate of anxiety across the groups (P>0.05). The histology of the cerebral cortex of long Evans rats in group IV that received Lead (60 mg/kg) followed by aqueous seed extract of Nigella sativa (1000mg/kg) showed mild neuronal damage while the histology of group V animals that received lead (60mg/kg) followed by aqueous seed extract of Nigella sativa (500mg/kg) showed severe neuronal damage. It can be concluded that aqueous seed extract of Nigella sativa at high dose have more therapeutic effect than at low dose.