Reference values of body adiposity measures and hand digit ratio (2D:4D) for dyslipidemia: A case study of the Hausa ethnic group in Kano, Nigeria

Asuku, Abdullahi Yusuf; Danborno, Barnabas; Akuyam, SA; Timbuak, James Abrak; Mohammed, Abdurrazaq; Adamu, Lawan Hassan

doi:10.4103/jeca.jeca_9_19

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The lack of significant associations in this study might indicate that 2D:4D is not a useful proxy for CVDs in women. This is in contrast to recent studies on 2D:4D and different cardiovascular‐related outcomes, including their causality of death (Asuku et al, 2019; Lenz & Kornhuber, 2018;Wang et al, 2018; Yamamoto et al, 2015). However, our study had one of the largest sample sizes up to date, and included a group of relatively homogenous women of white, European descent.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…It has been documented that 2D:4D has lower values among Chinese and African‐American samples compared to white Europeans (Manning, Churchill, & Peters, 2007). Thus, it is possible that the ethnic background is important for explaining differences observed between our and the previous studies on Chinese and African‐American populations (Asuku et al, 2019; Wang et al, 2018). Also, the prevalence of CVD varies between countries with different economic development, with the highest prevalence in low‐ and middle‐income countries (Bovet & Paccaud, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Yet, they reported no significant correlation between 2D:4D and age of onset of the disease in women. Asuku et al (2019) documented a significant positive correlation between right hand 2D:4D, blood pressure and other indicators of the metabolic syndrome (ie, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol). Negative correlation was observed between 2D:4D and adiponectin and HDL‐cholesterol, which is also relevant to CVD risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more recent cross‐national study on sex‐specific relation between 2D:4D and causes of mortality in 23 countries revealed that among women, 2D:4D is related to ischaemic heart disease as a cause of death (normalized to the national means) (Lenz & Kornhuber, 2018). However, previous studies (Asuku et al, 2019; Wang et al, 2018; Yamamoto et al, 2015) were mostly based on small sample sizes, and some of them were conducted among specific ethnic populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digit ratio (2D:4D) is not related to cardiovascular diseases or their risk factors in menopausal women

Pedersen

Klimek

Galbarczyk

et al. 2020

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives Digit ratio (2D:4D) is widely used as a biomarker of prenatal hormonal environment linked to the growing number of adult health and disease‐related characteristics. It has been suggested that 2D:4D is a good predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk among men, but results in women are still inconclusive. Here we test the relationship between 2D:4D and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and their risk factors in Polish, rural women. Methods The participants were 410 women age 50 and older. Structured questionnaire was used to gather personal and medical data, including the history of CVD diagnosed by a medical doctor. Anthropometric measurements of body height, weight, and finger lengths were performed. Right‐hand and left‐hand 2D:4D, mean 2D:4D, Dl‐r, and BMI were calculated afterward. For a subgroup of participants (n = 329) fasting blood sample was collected (in order to assess the lipid profile and glucose levels) and blood pressure was measured. Age, education level and BMI were included as potential covariates. Results No statistically significant association was observed between 2D:4D markers and the incidence of CVD (eg, heart attack, stroke) or CVD risk factors (dyslipidaemia, dysglycaemia or hypertension), when controlled for age, education and BMI. Conclusions The results of our study add to the growing number of studies investigating the sex‐difference of the association between 2D:4D and cardiac health. We conclude that from a public health perspective 2D:4D may not be a valuable biomarker of elevated risk of CVDs in women.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digit ratio (2D:4D) is not related to cardiovascular diseases or their risk factors in menopausal women

Pedersen

Klimek

Galbarczyk

et al. 2020

American J Hum Biol

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“…Consistent with this study, low 2D:4D ratios has been found among Jamaican children and their mothers 19 , 22 , 23 . Also, studies in Sub-Saharan Africa found a mean digit ratio < 1.0 among females including ethnic groups such as the Andoni (Obolo) 24 , the Igbos 25 , 26 , the Ebira 27 , 28 , the Yoruba 25 , and the Hausa 29 , all of Nigeria, Datoga and Meru of Tanzania 30 and the Zulus of South Africa 31 . However, one study among the Himba tribe of Namibia reported an average digit ratio ≥ 1.0 32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second to fourth (2D:4D) digit ratio and their relationships among a mother and child population in Ghana

Banyeh

Amidu

Quaye

2021

Sci Rep

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The study aimed to determine the relationship between digit ratios among a mother–child population in Ghana. This was a cross-sectional study from December 2020 to April 2021 involving 272 mothers, their daughters (n = 132) and their sons (n = 140). The right (2D:4DR) and the left (2D:4DL) digit ratios were measured using computer-assisted analysis. The data were analysed in SPSS (v23) and GraphPad Prism (v8) at an alpha value of 0.05. The mean ± SD age of the mothers was 23.9 ± 3.67 years while the median (IQR) age of daughters was 116(54–240) days and sons, 134(54–240) days. The mean ± SD 2D:4DR were 0.94 ± 0.04, 0.91 ± 0.04 and 0.90 ± 0.04 respectively for mothers, daughters and sons. The mean ± SD 2D:4DL was 0.93 ± 0.04, for mothers, 0.92 ± 0.05 for daughters and 0.92 ± 0.05 for sons. The daughters and sons showed leftward asymmetry while the mothers showed rightward asymmetry in digit ratios. The 2D:4DR of sons was significantly lower than daughters (P = 0.031). There were negative correlations between the 2D:4DL and age of daughters (r = −0.182, P = 0.043) and sons (r = −0.221, P = 0.012). The 2D:4DR of mothers was positively correlated with that of daughters (r = 0.332, P = 0.000) and that of sons (r = 0.233, P = 0.008). There are significant relationships between digit ratios in a mother–child population.

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Waist-Height ratio Highlights Detrimental Risk for Olanzapine Associated Weight Gain Earlier than Body Mass Index.

Ibrahim,

Tajudeen,

Shakirat

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Patients with psychotic mental disorders, including schizophrenia, often exhibit poor dietary choices and low levels of physical activity, contributing to a higher prevalence of obesity compared to the general population. This study recruited 100 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia who had been receiving Olanzapine antipsychotic medication for at least three months, alongside 100 healthy volunteers for comparison. The average age of the schizophrenia patients was 35.56 ± 9.95 years, with a higher proportion of females in both groups. Our findings revealed significantly higher rates of abnormal Body Mass Index (BMI) (X² = 17.06, P = 0.000036; OR = 4.58, CI = 2.16–9.74) and abnormal waist-height ratio (WHtR) (X² = 35.57, P = 2.46E-9; OR = 6.37, CI = 3.39–12.00) among the schizophrenia patients compared to the healthy volunteers. Notably, BMI identified 43.3% of the schizophrenia patients as having concerning weight changes, whereas WHtR identified 64.7%, indicating that WHtR is a more sensitive measure. This discrepancy means that an additional 21.4% of schizophrenia patients would benefit from weight management guidance based on WHtR rather than BMI. Our results underscore the critical importance of WHtR in assessing adiposity among schizophrenia patients treated with Olanzapine, highlighting its value as a tool for monitoring and managing cardiometabolic risks in this population.

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Reference values of body adiposity measures and hand digit ratio (2D:4D) for dyslipidemia: A case study of the Hausa ethnic group in Kano, Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Digit ratio (2D:4D) is not related to cardiovascular diseases or their risk factors in menopausal women

Digit ratio (2D:4D) is not related to cardiovascular diseases or their risk factors in menopausal women

Second to fourth (2D:4D) digit ratio and their relationships among a mother and child population in Ghana

Waist-Height ratio Highlights Detrimental Risk for Olanzapine Associated Weight Gain Earlier than Body Mass Index.

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