In this systematic literature review, exercise intervention is shown to improve diastolic function and counteract adverse remodeling leading to cardiac dysfunction in animals and humans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) or diabetic cardiomyopathy. Given the therapeutic effects of exercise intervention on cardiac function and structure, it should be a cornerstone in the treatment of T2DM patients not only to improve glycemic control but also to specifically enhance cardiac function.
SUMMARYHypophosphatasia is a genetic disorder, characterised by a dysfunctional tissue-non-specific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase that impacts bone metabolism and predisposes to osteomalacia or rickets. The clinical presentation is very diverse, depending on the age of onset and the severity of the disease. Several forms of hypophosphatasia are recognised. We present a case of a 50-year-old woman with low impact fractures and loss of teeth at a young age. She also had a low alkaline phosphatase and was diagnosed with adult hypophosphatasia. Although the severe forms of hypophosphatasia are rather rare, the adult form is thought to occur quite frequently. As this condition is not well known by healthcare professionals, the time to diagnosis and initiation of adequate treatment is often postponed. When encountering a patient with low alkaline phosphatase, low bone density or a history of bone fractures, the possibility of hypophosphatasia should be considered.
BACKGROUND
Objectives: Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) has been used in angioedema crises, however there is a risk of aggravating the symptoms as well as transmitting infections. In this report, the authors emphasize the dangers of this therapy.
Materials and methods:A 25-year-old woman with hereditary angioedema (HAE) was treated with FFP after which her symptoms escalated. Results: Administration of purified C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) resulted in relief of her symptoms. Conclusions: FFP is to be avoided in a HAE crisis. Newer therapies for angioedema are preferred.LEARNING POINTS • Angioedema should be considered when sudden onset facial edema is not associated with urticaria or pruritus, and does not improve with glucocorticoids and H1-antihistamines.• Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is to be avoided in HAE crises as it can aggravate symptoms and carries the danger of transmitting infectious diseases; it can also induce allergic transfusion reactions, transfusion-related acute lung injury and circulatory overload.• Recombinant or human plasma-derived C1-inhibitor (C1-INH), icatibant or ecallantide are the first line treatments in hereditary angioedema attacks.
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