Effect of Exercise Intervention on Cardiac Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Abstract

In this systematic literature review, exercise intervention is shown to improve diastolic function and counteract adverse remodeling leading to cardiac dysfunction in animals and humans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) or diabetic cardiomyopathy. Given the therapeutic effects of exercise intervention on cardiac function and structure, it should be a cornerstone in the treatment of T2DM patients not only to improve glycemic control but also to specifically enhance cardiac function.

Effects of Low-Energy Diet or Exercise on Cardiovascular Function in Working-Age Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label, Blinded End Point Trial

“…Several studies have assessed the effects of various exercise interventions on diastolic function in people with T2D, predominantly using echocardiography (10). In general, these have shown that exercise training has favourable effects on diastolic function, although with inconsistent results, likely due to differences in study populations, modes of exercise intervention, and various measures of diastolic function being employed.…”

“…Whether weight loss or exercise training can improve subclinical cardiac dysfunction in people with T2D remains to be established. There have been no randomized controlled trials assessing cardiac function with a MRP and the results of trials in exercise training have been inconsistent (10).…”

Effect of Regular Physical Exercise on the Progression of Erectile Dysfunction Among Male Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

“…The mechanism looks to be more bidirectional, synergistic on the origin, and of dose-response character. [65] There is accumulated evidence on the improvement in ED due to cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic, and other associated factors. It is a synergistic and dose-effect role of the PE on the ED, particularly in young and early elderly age group.…”

Exercise as A Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Insight into the Underlying Mechanisms

“…If biomarkers or non-invasive imaging modalities could be used for early identification of high-risk patients [46,140], it would be feasible to prescribe personalized exercise programs based on risk stratification. Since exercise may not only mitigate cardiac dysfunction but also improve the outcome of T2DM [36,134,[141][142][143], a therapeutic approach with a tailored exercise prescription would positively impact DCM management in the future. To this end, the development of tools for early diagnosis and optimization of risk stratification models would be pivotal and in conjunction with well-designed clinical trials could provide the evidence to facilitate timely implementation.…”