<p>Abstrak: Kajian ini dilakukan untuk menggali hukum tentang pemberian hadiah oleh Lembaga Keuangan Syariah (LKS) kepada nasabah berupa cindera mata maupun hadiah yang bersifat material pada saat pembukaan rekening dengan cara undian. Akad wadî‘ah dalam produk penghimpunan dana LKS secara substantif sama dengan akad qardh karena di dalamnya terkandung izin penggunaan objek yang dititipkan. Karena itu, akad wadî‘ah tersebut termasuk domain akad tabarru’. Sedangkan akad mudhârabah termasuk akad bisnis yang dikategorikan sebagai akad mu‘âwadhat/ tijârî. Jâ’izah tasjî‘iyah juga sama kedudukannya dengan akad mudhârabah, yaitu termasuk domain mu‘âwadhat. Karena itu, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa tidak relevan penggunaan jâ’izah tasjî‘iyah dalam memasarkan produk penghimpunan dana LKS yang menggunakan akad wadî‘ah atau qardh. Sebaliknya, jâ’izah tasjî‘iyah layak dipertimbangkan untuk digunakan dalam mempromosikan produk LKS yang meng- gunakan akad yang termasuk domain mu‘âwadhat.</p><p><br />Abstract: Personal Legal Opinion on Present in Syari’ah Financial Insti- tution. This study is aimed at deducting legal ruling of material gift or present offered by the Syari’ah financial institution (LKS) for their clients at the time of opening account by way of lottery. Wadî‘ah contract in collecting LKS funds is substantially similar to that of qardh contract because permission to usufruct the stored object is inherent in the contract, therefore such wadî‘ah contract is included in the domain of tabarru’. Mudhârabah contract, on the other hand, comprises business contract which is categorized as mu‘âwadhat or tijârî contract. Jâ’izah tasjî‘iyah also have the same status as mudhârabah contract which is included in the mu‘âwadhat domain. As such, the authors conclude that it is irrelevant to use jâ’izah tasjî‘iyah in selling the product of LKS fund collection with wadî‘ah or qardh contract. Conversely, jâ’izah tasjî‘iyah is worthy of considering to be used in promoting LKS product using contract that comprises in the mu‘âwadhat sphere.</p><p><br />Kata Kunci: hadiah, fatwa, mu‘âwadhat, qardh, wadî‘ah<br /><br /><br /></p>
Sejarah pelestarian dan perkembangan pengetahuan dan keilmuan manusia dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu dihafal dan ditulis. Hafalan melahirkan tradisi lisan seperti pada cerita rakyat, sedangkan tulisan melahirkan pula tradisi cetak dan penerbitan. Proses penulisan dan pelestarian sebuah karya sangat penting disebabkan dua hal, yaitu: pertama, banyaknya orang yang masih berpegang pada tradisi lisan; dan kedua, tradisi tulis dapat dilahirkan tanpa hubungan secara fisik antara guru dan muridnya. Kata Kunci: fiqih, hukum Islam, sejarah, literatur
Fatwa (opinion of jurist/mufti) is developed by mufti/ulama as an instrument of Islamic law as well as guidance for ummah. Fatwa is considered as an actual instrument of Islamic jurisprudence because of certain reasons: a) qaul ulama (jurist’s opinion) as another source of Islamic law beside Quran and hadits; b) there is one single authority of fatwa institution in Indonesia; and c) it is a Mufti’s response towards real social problems in the society. In fact, some fatwas of National Sharia Board are in harmonize with National Acts (i.e. Act of Central Bank).
There are spesific trends in modern development of Islamic law in Indonesia. Most of the moslems are getting committed to their own legal reasoning (ijtihad), or at least to the fatwa or legal decision given by ulama (moslem jurists) in the Islamic organization to which theyJoin, instead offour classical established schools. As Indonesian Mos lem do not recognize the concept of'ishmah orma'shum, the chance for liberalization ofijtihad is extremely huge. 2 M. Atho Mudzhar, "Penerapan Pendekatan Sejarah Sosial dalam Hukum Is lam", makalah disampaikan dalam acara diskusi yang dtselenggarakan oleh Pusat Pengkajian Unisba, di Bandung pada tanggal 8 Januari 1992, h. 2-4, t.d. Lihat pula M. Atho Mudzhar, "Fiqh dan Reaktualisasi Ajaran Is lam" dalam Budhy Munawar-Rachman (ed.),
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