The study of the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in a diced poultry meat, a matrix whose pH and water activity characteristics are favourable to L. monocytogenes growth, showed that it was inhibited by natural background microflora. This highlights the importance of knowing the product's composition, and in particular the natural background microflora, which can impact the use-by date.
Many geovisualization environments integrate graphical representations of time. Some of them include representation of both linear and cyclic aspects of time, providing an exploratory analysis of spatio-temporal data through several temporal cyclic scales. However, few of them provide an exploratory analysis of localized cyclic recurrences in spatio-temporal data. Ad hoc temporal diagrams, representing both linear and cyclic aspects of time, provides a visual search for cyclic recurrences in temporal data when the possibility is left to the user to perform a gradual modification of the represented cyclic scale's duration. The combination of these graphic representations of time, with cartographic representations, displaying the spatial distribution of such cyclic recurrences, could provide an exploratory analysis of localized cyclic recurrences in spatio-temporal data. Mathematical tools coming from other scientific fields, such as the harmonic analysis, offer another way to identify cyclic behaviors in temporal data. Combining the visual approach offered by specifically designed geovisualization environments, with a harmonic analysis that suggests searching paths to the user during its exploratory analysis, can then improve the visual search for localized cyclic recurrences. We propose a geovisualization environment, which combines, on one hand, a visual analysis of localized cyclic recurrences in spatio-temporal data, using ad hoc temporal diagrams, cartographic representations, and specific semiologic rules, and on the other hand mathematical tools, such as harmonic analysis and spatial clustering, that provide searching paths to the user for its visual analysis. This approach is supported by a geovisualization environment, GrAPHiST, which provides an exploratory analysis of spatio-temporal event data.
Foresight studies are regularly conducted at sectoral or geographical scales, in order to help policy makers and economic actors to define their strategy of adaptation to climate change (CC).
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