This review presents the chemical diversity and pharmacological properties of secondary metabolites produced by endophytic fungi associated with various genera of Rubiaceae. Several classes of natural products are described for these endophytes, although, this study highlights the importance of some metabolites, which are involved in antifungal, antibacterial, anti-protozoal activities; neurodegenerative diseases; cytotoxic activity; anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity; and hyperglycemic control.
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Over the years, the development of bioactive heterocycles has aroused the interest of the scientific community, because in general, these heterocycles are strategic in maintaining life. Research into bioactive heterocycles is associated with the development of methods of synthesis and the biological evaluation of different nuclei. In consequence, there has been a growing interest in the nucleus of fused pyrimidine, which has diversified pharmacological activities, including diuretic, antimicrobial, antifolate, tyrosine kinase, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anthelminthic, and antiviral activities. This review focuses on describing a diverse set of structures derived from pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines and contemplates the main bioactivities of these nuclei.
Abstract:Citrinin is a natural product obtained from fungi and with good biological activity. Because this compound also presents toxicity, especially being nephrotoxicity, its structural modification is important to obtain new potential pharmacological agents without toxicity. This article presents the history, obtention methods, synthesis, structural modification, evaluation and biological activity of citrinin.Keywords: Citrinin; Penicillium; mycotoxins; biosynthesis; antibiotic; nephrotoxicity.
ResumoA Citrinina é um produto natural obtido de fungos e com boa atividade biológica. Como ela também apresenta certa toxidez, especialmente sendo nefrotóxica, é importante sua modificação estrutural para obter novos fármacos sem essa toxidez. Este artigo apresenta a história, os métodos de obtenção, síntese, modificação estrutural, avaliação e atividade biológica da citrinina.
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