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Foramen Vesalius was present in 60% of total skulls studied. The foramen showed variations in incidence and shapes, while there was no statistically significant difference in the maximum dimension between foramen Vesalius on right and left side. There could be some developmental reasons to explain these variations. The findings of this study could be important to anatomists and also equally essential for clinicians who approach middle cranial cavity for various procedures.

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Interest in the study of pulmonary veins and its ostia has considerably increased in recent times after the realization of the fact that atrial fibrillation may originate from the triggers in the pulmonary veins as they receive the extension of myocardial sleeves from left atrium. Researchers have found that the classic pattern of two ostia in the either side of the left atrium occurs in 70% of general population. The variations pulmonary venous drainage patterns are mostly congenital in origin and related to the complex development of venous system. AIM: The pulmonary venous ostia were studied with respect to their number and orientation. METHODS AND MATERIAL: The present study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy,