Variations in the External Morphology of Gall Bladder

Rajguru, Jaba; Khare, Satyam; Jain, Shilpi; Ghai, Rashmi; Singla, Mamta; Goel, Prabhat

doi:10.1016/s0003-2778(12)80004-9

Cited by 12 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In 45 (45%) the value ranged from 3.2-4.7 cm. This value was consistent with that of Rajguru, Khare, Jain et al (2012), Chari and Shah (2008) and Turner, Fulcher, Gore et al (2000). Some workers like Gore, Fulcher, Taylor et al (2000) have reported that size might increase after vagotomy, in diabetes due to autoimmune neuropathy, in pregnancy, in patients with sickle cell disease and in extreme obese people whereas micro-gallbladder was seen in patients with cystic fibrosis.…”

Section: S No Length In CMsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The flask shape has also been reported by Rajguru, Khare, Jain et al (2012) in 5% cases while in the present study it is 2%. Also there was presence of Irregular shaped gallbladder which was present in 1.67% cases by Rajguru, Khare, Jain et al (2012) while in the present study it was 1.43% which was almost similar. These findings are shown in Table 5.…”

Section: S No Length In CMsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…It was also described by Boyden (1926), Gross (1936) and Shaher (2005) but percentage was not reported. Rajguru, Khare, Jain et al (2012) had an incidence of 3.33% while in the present study, hourglass gallbladder is seen in 1% of the specimens.…”

Section: S No Length In CMcontrasting

confidence: 57%

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A study of the clinico-anatomical variations in the shape and size of gallbladder

Nadeem

2016

J Morphol Sci

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Introduction: The structure and size of gallbladder, it's normal and a variation are forming an interesting field of study, and has gained importance Anatomically and Surgically. The gallbladder surgeries have drawn the attraction of surgeons because of lot of interesting and numerous variations present in them. Materials and Methods: The study was carried on 100 gallbladder from cadavers of all age groups. Results: In our study, the length of the gallbladder ranged from 4.5-11.6 cm, breadth from 2.7-5.2 cm. The shapes of the gallbladder varied from pear (82.85%), Hartman's pouch (7.14%), cylindrical (2.86%), flask shaped (2.86%), hour glass (1.43%), bilobed (1.43%) and irregular (1.43%). Some gallbladders with mesentery (1.30%) and horizontally placed (4.30%) gallbladders were also found. Conclusion: The indings showed various anatomical variations pertaining to shape and position, which are to be taken into account for radiological study, Investigative procedures, surgical interventions, clinical implications and comparative anatomy.

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Section: S No Length In CMsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: S No Length In CMsupporting

confidence: 80%

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A study of the clinico-anatomical variations in the shape and size of gallbladder

Nadeem

2016

J Morphol Sci

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“…The measurements of the gall bladder and its shape reported by different authors are summarized in Table 2.The results of the present study are similar to that of the previous authors. [5][6][7][8][9] Cholecystomegaly has been reported in a number of disorders such as diabetes (because of an autonomic neuropathy) and after truncal and selective vagotomy. The gallbladder also becomes larger than normal during pregnancy, in patients with sickle hemoglobinopathy, and in extremely obese people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of anatomic variations of human gall bladder and its clinical importance

Tiwari¹

2020

IJCAP

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Introduction: One of the most important and commonly performed surgeries in the abdominal region is the surgery of gall bladder. Hence it is desirable for the surgeons who are operating in the region of gall bladder and biliary tract to know the possible variations in the anatomy of gall bladder that can be confronted. The present study describes the anatomic variations of gall bladder and its clinical importance. Materials and Methods: 50 gall bladder specimens procured from embalmed human adult cadavers of both sexes available in Anatomy Department of MVJ Medical College, Bangalore were studied. The different parameters studied were the measurements of gall bladder which included its length & breadth, shape, position & external variations. Results: The mean length and breadth of the gall bladder was found to be 6.79 cm& 2.81 cm respectively. The various shapes of the gall bladder noted were pear shaped (52%), flask shaped (28%), cylindrical (12%), irregular (4%) and hour-glass (4%). In 49(98%) specimens, the position of gall bladder was beneath the right lobe of the liver. Gall bladder was intrahepatic in position in 1 (2%) specimen. The external variations of gall bladder observed in 9(18%) specimens were in the form of folding of the neck, folded fundus (phrygian cap) & hartmann's pouch. Conclusion: The knowledge of the possible anatomic variations of the gall bladder is of utmost significance to radiologists who should detect them preoperatively using special radiological procedures and to surgeons during laparoscopic cholecystectomy to reduce the incidence of post-operative complications.

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“…7 A common pattern of verities exists and it is the surgeon's responsibility to recognize these variations when present. 1,8 In addition, knowing the precise anatomy of the biliary duct is very important in some procedures like the selection of donors in liver transplantation. For example, one of the contraindications to a safe right hepatectomy is the presence of "triple confluence" and the existence of "right posterior duct" draining into "the left hepatic duct is a contraindication to both right and left hepatectomy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the anatomic variations of the pancreatico-biliary system in Palestine: a national study

et al. 2019

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Background: The objective of this study is to assess the frequency of anatomic variations of the biliary system in the Palestinian population in patients undergoing MRCPs.Methods: For a period of 3 years, from March 2016 to January 2019, a total of 401 MRCPS were performed in different Palestinian Medical Centers for different indications. 346 Images were included in the study. Images were evaluated independently by two expert radiologists for the presence of variations in the anatomy of gallbladder, cystic duct, common bile duct, pancreatic duct, pancreas and intrahepatic ducts.Results: About 78% of the images had normal anatomy of Intra-hepatic ducts. Right posterior duct joining the right anterior duct by its lateral side was observed in 12.6% of images and triple confluence in 8.5% of images. About 12% of the gallbladder images have anatomical variation; multi-septate in 4.1% of images and ectopic in 3.7% images. For the cystic duct, it was abnormally low in 9.6% of images and high in 5.3% of images. The cystic duct was found parallel in 2.3% of images. Variations of the pancreatic duct were evident in 3.9% of the images.Conclusions: anatomical variations of the pancreatico-biliary system are common and they are worth the attention to prevent major complications during hepatobiliary surgeries.

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Variations in the External Morphology of Gall Bladder

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

A study of the clinico-anatomical variations in the shape and size of gallbladder

A study of the clinico-anatomical variations in the shape and size of gallbladder

Study of anatomic variations of human gall bladder and its clinical importance

A study of the anatomic variations of the pancreatico-biliary system in Palestine: a national study

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