Objective. To describe the profile of breast cancer in the patients attending the radiation therapy unit of Yaounde General Hospital. Method. From 1989 to 2009, we conducted a descriptive retrospective study based on the register and medical records of patients. Results. During the study period, 531 breast cancer patients were recorded of which 0.75% were male. Age range was 18 to 82 years, with a mean of 45.17 years. Out of these, 66.1% were less than 50 years old and 31.9% less than 40. Self detection was the discovery method in most cases (95.34% of patients). Mean delay before presentation at hospital was 10.35 months, and 54.94% had used traditional medicine before medical evaluation. Metastasis and locally advanced breast cancer at diagnosis were present in 08.13% and 62.78%, respectively. Mastectomy was used in 88.08% of patients. Conclusion. The study reinforces the position occupied by late presentation and advanced stage at diagnosis of breast cancer profile in developing countries.

This study aimed to estimate the survival rate of breast cancer in a group of patients followed up at the Yaoundé General Hospital in Cameroon. A retrospective review of records of patients managed for breast cancer between 1995 and 2007 was carried out at the Yaoundé General Hospital. Survival analysis was carried out with survival defined as the time between the date of unequivocal diagnosis of cancer and the date of last follow-up or death. Survival curves were plotted in R.3.1.1 software. Mean age of the patients was 47.5 ± 12.36 years. Most of the patients (67.9%) presented with advanced breast cancer disease (stage III and IV). Overall patient survival rate was 30% at 5 years and 13.2% at 10 years. Median overall survival time was 2 (1.9-3) years. There was a correlation between survival and the stage of disease. The highest survival rates were recorded in stages I and II while the lowest rates were recorded in stage IV. There was no statistically significant difference in survival among the age groups (p = 0.15). Overall survival rates of breast cancer are 30% at 5 years and 13.2% at 10 years among Cameroonian patients and are lower compared with 90% and 82% respectively at 5 years and 10 years in some developed countries.

L'utilisation médicale des rayonnements ionisants est devenue la source d'irradiation la plus importante à l'échelle mondiale. Les connaissances et aptitudes des professionnels utilisateurs de ces rayonnements déterminent la mise en oeuvre des mesures de radioprotection recommandées par les organismes internationaux et nationaux. La situation de la radioprotection dans les pays africains est préoccupante en raison de la faiblesse des lois, règlements et organismes de radioprotection. Nous rapportons les résultats d'une enquête effectuée dans des services hospitaliers détenteurs de sources de rayonnements ionisants à Yaoundé, capitale du Cameroun. Plus de la moitié des professionnels enquêtés ont un niveau moyen de connaissances des principes et normes de radioprotection et plus de 80 % n'ont jamais bénéficié d'une formation continue en matière de radioprotection. ABSTRACT Knowledge in Radiation Protection: a Survey of Professionals in Medical Imaging, Radiation Therapy and Nuclear Medicine Units in Yaounde. Medical use of ionizing radiation is now the most common radiation source of the population at the global level. The knowledge and practices of health professionals working with X-rays determine the level and quality of implementation of internationally and nationally recommended measures for radiation protection of patients and workers. The level of implementation and enforcement of international recommendations in African countries is an issue of concern due to weak laws and regulations and regulatory bodies. We report the results of a cross-sectional survey of health professionals working with ionizing radiation in Yaoundé, the capital city of Cameroon. More than 50% of these professionals have a moderate level of knowledge of the norms and principles of radiation protection and more than 80% have never attended a continuing professional development workshop on radiation protection.

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Superior vena cava thrombosis (SVCT) is a rare pathology, though of great significance since it implies the development of a malignant process. The most common etiologies are basically bronchopulmonary and mediastinal tumors. Observations involving 2 patients presenting with superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) are reported in this study, in which radiologic investigations (chest roentgenogram, computed tomography scan of the thorax, and superior vena cavography) revealed thrombosis of the SVC disclosing in both cases a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The first case was a mediastinal Burkitt's lymphoma in a thirty-eight-year-old man (exceptional form) and in the second case a lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a nine-year-old girl. In the patient with Burkitt's lymphoma healing was satisfactory twenty-four months after treatment by surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The second patient died suddenly. In both cases the SVCT revealed the tumor. The causes of SVCT are reviewed and discussed.

In this paper, we study the Schrödinger equation with non-central modified Killingbeck potential plus a ring-shaped-like potential problem, which is not spherically symmetric. The factorization method is used to solve the hypergeometric equation types which lead to solutions with the associate Laguerre function for the radial part and Jacobi polynomial for the polar part. We introduce the raising and lowering operators to calculate the energies eigenvalues, which show that the lack of spherical symmetry removes the degeneracy of second quantum number m which is completely expected. These obtained energies are better to explain the superposition of the energy levels of the atoms in the crystalline structure of molecules.

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Le but de cette étude était de relever les facteurs limitant la pratique de la chimiothérapie néoadjuvante dans le traitement des cancers du sein avancés ou inflammatoires en milieu africain au sud du Sahara. Il s'agit d'une étude prospective transversale dans laquelle l'équipe médicale s'était proposée d'administrer une chimiothérapie avant le traitement de tous les cancers du sein avancés ou inflammatoires venus pour traitement chirurgical. Sur les 35 malades incluses, la chimiothérapie néoadjuvante avait été refusée d'emblée par 6 patientes (17,14 %), prescrite chez 29 malades (88,8 % des cas), administrée chez 10 patientes (28,57 %), interrompue chez 11 patientes (31,4 % des cas) pour cause de coût élevé, d'effets néfastes ou de durée longue. Elle n'avait pas été débutée pour évolution rapide de la tumeur dans six cas. L'étude recommande une prescription optionnelle de la chimiothérapie néoadjuvante, en milieu africain subsaharien, aux malades présentant un cancer avancé ou inflammatoire du sein, en tenant compte des limites de cette thérapie, des formes cliniques à évolution rapide et du consentement des patientes. Pour citer cette revue : J. Afr. Cancer 3 (2011). Mots clés Cancer du sein avancé · Chimiothérapie néoadjuvante · Afrique subsaharienneAbstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the limiting factors in the practice of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced or inflammatory breast cancer in an African sub-Saharan context. In this prospective crosssectional study, the medical team had proposed to administer neoadjuvant chemotherapy to all patients presenting with an operable advanced or inflammatory breast cancer. Out of 35 female patients retained, 6 patients (17.14%) refused to undergo preoperative chemotherapy. Twenty-nine patients were prescribed for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (88.8%). The treatment was administered to 10 patients (28.57%), and it was interrupted in 11 cases (31.4%) because of cost, side effects or long duration. The treatment was not started in six patients because of a rapid growth of the tumour. The study recommends an optional prescription of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to African patients presenting with an advanced or inflammatory breast cancer, taking into account the limitations of the therapy, the clinical stage of the tumour and consent of the patients. To cite this journal: J. Afr. Cancer 3 (2011).