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The use of central venous catheters impregnated with minocycline and rifampin is associated with a lower rate of infection than the use of catheters impregnated with chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine.

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Background: Kangaroo mother care including skin-to-skin care aims to overcome the negative effects of separating parents and infants and to increase the quality of care for infants and parents in need of neonatal care. In most cases where inter-hospital transport is needed, the infant is placed in a transport incubator, which increases the risk of separation due to ambulance service restrictions that imply that parents are not allowed to accompany these transport trips.Aim: To illuminate parents' experiences of holding their infant in a kangaroo position during neonatal ground ambulance transport.Study design: A qualitative design with an inductive approach.Methods: A total of 11 open interviews with Swedish parents were conducted two to seven days after their infant had been transferred in a kangaroo position between hospitals. The transcribed interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results: The emerged overarching category was "an uninterrupted closeness chain."The parents experienced that holding their infant during the transport extended the time they were close to their infant. Using the kangaroo position during ground ambulance transport also created a feeling of being important as a parent, as their participation during transport was appreciated. Parents' experiences were allocated into three categories: "Strengthen the feeling of being important as a parent," "promote security and create a positive environment for the baby" and "the professionals' attitude promotes security." Conclusion and relevance for clinical practice: This knowledge about parents' experiences is important in the continued work to develop interventions that focus on promoting zero separation in neonatal care. Using kangaroo position in a safety harness during ambulance transport enhances zero separation and closeness. To encourage the implementation of kangaroo position during ambulance transport, further research is needed to address parents' experiences of zero separation during transport of infants to a higher level of care.

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Difficulties with feeding and eating are more common among pre-term infants compared with full-term infants. The primary objective of this study was to describe parents' perceptions of developmental eating patterns and occurrence of eating difficulties in a group of pre-term infants, compared with a control group. A parent questionnaire was administered for a study group (27 pre-term infants born between 28-33 weeks gestation) and a control group (29 full-term infants born between 38-41 weeks gestation). Parents of the pre-term children reported significantly more problems with early feeding, but only half of them reported that their infants received intervention to aid their feeding development during neonatal care. At 3 years of age the pre-term children weighed significantly less than the full-term children, but their parents were more satisfied with their eating habits and portion sizes than the control group parents. This finding may reflect differing parenting experiences between the two groups rather than an actual difference in eating skills. It suggests that parents of pre- term infants would benefit from practical guidance in supporting their premature infants in developing eating skills. Future studies using objective measures are recommended to verify the findings reported here.

BACKGROUND: The 2020 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) pandemic necessitates tailored recommendations addressing specific procedures for neonatal and paediatric transport of suspected or positive COVID-19 patients. The aim of this consensus statement is to define guidelines for safe clinical care for children needing inter-facility transport while making sure that the clinical teams involved are sufficiently protected from SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: A taskforce, composed of members of the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) Transport section and the European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR), reviewed the published literature and used a rapid, twostep modified Delphi process to formulate recommendations regarding safety and clinical management during transport of COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: The joint taskforce consisted of a panel of 12 experts who reached an agreement on a set of 17 recommendations specifying pertinent aspects on neonatal and paediatric COVID-19 patient transport. These included: case definition, personal protective equipment, airway management, equipment and strategies for invasive and non-invasive ventilation, special considerations for incubator and open stretcher transports, parents on transport and decontamination of transport vehicles. CONCLUSIONS: Our consensus recommendations aim to define current best-practice and should help guide transport teams dealing with infants and children with COVID-19 to work safely and effectively.