Interrelationships between Hydrology and Ecology in Fire Degraded Tropical Peat Swamp Forests

Wösten, J.H.M.; Berg, J. van den; Eijk, P. van; Gevers, Godelieve; Giesen, Wim; Hooijer, A.; Idris, Aswandi; Leenman, P.; Rais, Dipa Satriadi; Siderius, Christian; Silvius, Marcel; Suryadiputra, Nyoman; Wibisono, Iwan Setiawan

doi:10.1080/07900620500405973

Cited by 107 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Recurrent burning not only prohibits regeneration of forest but further combusts top layers of peat, lowering the surface level. In the worst case, repeated fires reduce these areas into seasonal lakes of over one meter deep, nullifying any restoration efforts (Wösten et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Page et al 2002;Rieley and Page 2005;Wösten et al 2006;Corlett 2009) and personal experience of the authors. It was further defined by several field visits to a wide range of land cover types.…”

Section: Classification Of Land Cover and Degradation Levelsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It is essential to understand the local level effects of peatland degradation and development (e.g. Kool et al 2006;Wösten et al 2006) to be able to estimate the regional consequences. Furthermore, information on gas fluxes in both undisturbed (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Published high resolution land cover classifications on peatland areas in Sumatra and Kalimantan have in most cases been part of small-scale studies (e.g. King 2002;Page et al 2002;Miettinen and Liew 2005;Wösten et al 2006) and in one case part of a general Sumatra land cover classification (Laumonier 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Status of Peatland Degradation and Development in Sumatra and Kalimantan

Miettinen

Liew

2010

AMBIO

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Peatlands cover around 13 Mha in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. Human activities have rapidly increased in the peatland ecosystems during the last two decades, invariably degrading them and making them vulnerable to fires. This causes high carbon emissions that contribute to global climate change. For this article, we used 94 high resolution (10-20 m) satellite images to map the status of peatland degradation and development in Sumatra and Kalimantan using visual image interpretation. The results reveal that less than 4% of the peatland areas remain covered by pristine peatswamp forests (PSFs), while 37% are covered by PSFs with varying degree of degradation. Furthermore, over 20% is considered to be unmanaged degraded landscape, occupied by ferns, shrubs and secondary growth. This alarming extent of degradation makes peatlands vulnerable to accelerated peat decomposition and catastrophic fire episodes that will have global consequences. With on-going degradation and development the existence of the entire tropical peatland ecosystem in this region is in great danger.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Classification Of Land Cover and Degradation Levelsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Status of Peatland Degradation and Development in Sumatra and Kalimantan

Miettinen

Liew

2010

AMBIO

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“…A change in any of these three components will lead inevitably to a change in the rate of peat accumulation. Human intervention has major impacts on peatland hydrology through rapid transformation of landscape structure and function unless appropriate water management is implemented (Hooijer, 2005a;Wösten et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and future CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from drained peatlands in Southeast Asia

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Forested tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia store at least 42 000 Million metric tonnes (Mt) of soil carbon. Human activity and climate change threatens the stability of this large pool, which has been decreasing rapidly over the last few decades owing to deforestation, drainage and fire. In this paper we estimate the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions resulting from drainage of lowland tropical peatland for agricultural and forestry development which dominates the perturbation of the carbon balance in the region. Present and future emissions from drained peatlands are quantified using data on peatland extent and peat thickness, present and projected land use, water management practices and decomposition rates. Of the 27

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In Situ Tropical Peatland Fire Emission Factors and Their Variability, as Determined by Field Measurements in Peninsula Malaysia

Smith

Evers

Yule

et al. 2018

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Fires in tropical peatlands account for >25% of estimated total greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and degradation. Despite significant global and regional impacts, our understanding of specific gaseous fire emission factors (EFs) from tropical peat burning is limited to a handful of studies. Furthermore, there is substantial variability in EFs between sampled fires and/or studies. For example, methane EFs vary by 91% between studies. Here we present new fire EFs for the tropical peatland ecosystem; the first EFs measured for Malaysian peatlands, and only the second comprehensive study of EFs in this crucial environment. During August 2015 (under El Niño conditions) and July 2016, we embarked on field campaigns to measure gaseous emissions at multiple peatland fires burning on deforested land in Southeast Pahang (2015) and oil palm plantations in North Selangor (2016), Peninsula Malaysia. Gaseous emissions were measured using open‐path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The IR spectra were used to retrieve mole fractions of 12 different gases present within the smoke (including carbon dioxide and methane), and these measurements used to calculate EFs. Peat samples were taken at each burn site for physicochemical analysis and to explore possible relationships between specific physicochemical properties and fire EFs. Here we present the first evidence to indicate that substrate bulk density affects methane fire EFs reported here. This novel explanation of interplume, within‐biome variability, should be considered by those undertaking greenhouse gas accounting and haze forecasting in this region and is of importance to peatland management, particularly with respect to artificial compaction.

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Interrelationships between Hydrology and Ecology in Fire Degraded Tropical Peat Swamp Forests

Cited by 107 publications

References 7 publications

Status of Peatland Degradation and Development in Sumatra and Kalimantan

Status of Peatland Degradation and Development in Sumatra and Kalimantan

Current and future CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from drained peatlands in Southeast Asia

In Situ Tropical Peatland Fire Emission Factors and Their Variability, as Determined by Field Measurements in Peninsula Malaysia

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Interrelationships between Hydrology and Ecology in Fire Degraded Tropical Peat Swamp Forests

Cited by 107 publications

References 7 publications

Status of Peatland Degradation and Development in Sumatra and Kalimantan

Status of Peatland Degradation and Development in Sumatra and Kalimantan

Current and future CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from drained peatlands in Southeast Asia

In Situ Tropical Peatland Fire Emission Factors and Their Variability, as Determined by Field Measurements in Peninsula Malaysia

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Current and future CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from drained peatlands in Southeast Asia