The predominant cutivahle flora of 3‐ and 8‐hr‐old dento‐gingival plaque formed on a buccal tooth surface and on Mylar strips ligated to a buccal surface was studied in 6 students with healthy gingiva. Differential counts of various bacterial types were also performed by direct microscopy. In 6 other students. 1‐ and 3‐day‐old plaque was similarly studied. From each sample. 31–111 strains (a total of 2,867 strains) were characterized. Streptococci predominated at all times. Most of these were Streptococcus milior. Sfreptococcus sunguis and Streptococcus milleri. Very few Gram‐negative cocci were isolated from 3‐ and 8‐hr samples, whereas Veillonella constituted about 20 Q of the strains from 1‐ and 3‐day plaque. Gram‐positive rods increased from low proportions in most 3‐ and 8‐ hr samples to median values of 21% and 25% in 1‐ and 3‐day plaque. In 3‐ and 8hr samples all the Gram‐positive rods were facultative anaerobes (most of them Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyes nueslundii). In 1‐ and 3‐day samples obligatdy anaerobic Grampositive rods also appeared. Gram‐negative rods were virtually absent from 3‐ and 8‐hr plaque. Ohligately anaerobic Gram‐negative rods appeared in low proportions in 1‐ and 3day samples (median 4% and 7%). Large site‐to‐site variations were found but no systematic differences between samples from Mylar and enamel surfaces.
Budtz-Jorgetuen E, Theilade E, Theilade J. Qjiantitative relationship between yeasts and bacteria in denture-induced stomatitis. ScandJ Dent Res 1983; 91: 134-42.Abstract -Qjiantitative cultural studies of yeasts and bacteria were made from 7-day-oId denture plaque accumulated on pieces of self..adhesivc tape stuck on the fitting surface of the maxillary denture in 17 edentulous subjects with healthy oral mucosa and in 27 patients affected with denture-induced stomatitis. Significantly higher numbers of yeasts and bacteria were cultured in the stomatitis patients than in the controls. This indicates that the rate of plaque formation is increased in patients with denture-induced stomatitis. Yeasts usually constituted less than 1 % of the anaerobic bacterial counts, but the percentage of yeasts was significantly higher in the stomatitis patients than in the controls. There was a significant correlation between initially high yeast counts and improvement of the clinical condition of the palatal mucosa following antimycotic treatment. In some patients only bacteria were grown and antimycotic treatment had no effect. The study supported the contention that yeast antigens and toxins of denture plaque are significant factors in initiation and maintenance of denture-induced stomatitis. However, bacteria may also be involved as pathogens. Denture-induced stomatitis is a very frequentthe rate of denture plaque formation on pieces of complication of the wearing of removable self-adhesive tape stuck on the fitting surface of dentures (1, 2). Cultural studies indicate that the maxillary denture in a group of denture this condition is associated with a quantitative wearers with healthy oral mucosae (9). This was increase of yeasts on the mucosal surface of done by suspending the microorganisms of 1-maxillary dentures and the lesions in the palate week-old plaque formed on 1 cm' pieces of tape (2-6). Other studies, however, suggest that and making viable counts of yeasts and bacteria bacteria may play a causative role in the disease on the suspensions. It was found that the rate of (7). Furthermore, light and electron microscopic plaque formation varied greatly between the examinations of denture plaque in p>ersons with individuals and that the plaque was composed healthy mucosa and patients with denturemainly of bacteria. induced stomatitis indicate that denture plaque It was the aim of the present investigation: 1)is, in fact, composed mainly of bacteria (8). to compare the rate of microbial denture plaque Recently, we have studied the microbiology and fonnation in patients with stomatitis and in
Plaque growth may be a result of proliferation of bacteria already present on the teeth and/or of a continuous deposition of additional salivary bacteria. The purpose of this investigation was to study the relative significance of these two mechanisms. During 4, 8, or 24 hours, plaque was allowed to form on plastic films placed on the buccal surface of the premolar 14 of subjects with healthy gingiva. In addition plastic films were used to collect plaque for an initial 4 hour period after which a filter was applied to prevent further bacterial aggregation to the deposits. The filter‐covered plastic films remained in situ for another 4 or 20 hours. After removal, the samples were processed for electron microscopy. After 4 hours, the plastic films were covered by a surface coating of an acellular material in or on which bacteria, epithelial cells, and leukocytes were observed. The 8‐hour samples exhibited the same general morphology, but contained more cellular components. After 24 hours, the plaque consisted mainly of a multilayer of bacteria. The 4‐hour samples which remained in the mouth for an additional 4‐hour period covered by a filter resembled the 8‐hour samples. Furthermore, the samples which were covered by the filter after 4 hours and allowed to remain for another 20 hours in the mouth were very similar to the 24‐hour samples. Finally, the number of bacteria present in a specified area in the section along the plastic film adjacent to the gingival margin was counted in one section from each sample. These data indicated that the number of bacteria had increased between 4 and 8 hours, but no difference was noted between the number of bacteria originating from the 8‐hour samples with or without filter. For the period between 4 and 24 hours, an obvious increase in bacterial counts was ascertained. The results indicate that proliferation of bacteria already present on the teeth accounts for the major part of the microbial mass increase during early plaque formation, and that the mean generation time is shorter during the first 8 hours (1–2 hours) than during the following 16 hours (3–7 hours).
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