The photopolymerization behavior and reaction kinetics
of ethylhexyl methacrylate (EHMA)
and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) monomers in
styrene−butadiene−styrene block copolymer
(SBS) were studied. For both monomers, di- and tetrafunctional,
reaction diffusion was found to be the
only mechanism of termination when the polymerization is carried out in
this polymeric medium, that
is, reaction diffusion controls the termination reaction from the
beginning of the reaction. The
polymerization of EGDMA in polystyrene and polybutadiene showed similar
behavior to that in SBS.
Also, the relationship between the individual rate constants
k
t and k
p was studied,
and a constant ratio
of these kinetic constants was found.
The kinetics and mechanism of the photoinitiated polymerization of tetrafunctional and
difunctional methacrylate monomers (di-, hexa-, and decamethylene dimethacrylates; and ethylhexyl and
dodecyl methacrylates) in a styrene−butadiene−styrene (SBS) block copolymer matrix have been studied.
Reaction diffusion was found to be the only termination mechanism for tetrafunctional monomers when
the monomer concentration in the matrix is below 30−40%; for higher monomer concentrations, reaction
diffusion controls the termination process only after approximately 10% conversion was reached. The
values of both the propagation kinetic constant and the overall double bond conversion for the three
tetrafunctional monomers studied showed the following order: deca- > hexa- > dimethylene dimethacrylate. The termination process in the photoinitiated polymerization of difunctional methacrylate monomers
is clearly controlled by reaction diffusion right from the beginning of the polymerization reaction only at
a very low monomer concentration in the matrix (10−15%); for medium monomer concentrations (20−40%), a combination of both mechanisms, segmental diffusion-controlled (autoaccelerated kinetics) and
reaction diffusion, was observed until reaching a double bond conversion of 20%, from which point reaction
diffusion predominated; for higher monomer concentrations (60−90%), the termination kinetic constant
values at low conversions (<30%) were close to those corresponding with standard polymerizations,
observing the Trommsdorff effect (autoacceleration) at higher double bond conversions. The SBS matrix
participates appreciably in the polymerization process through the direct addition of the macroradical or
the primary radical to the double bond of the polybutadiene moiety and through hydrogen abstraction
from the matrix with the formation of benzylic and allylic radicals.
Rate constants ( q / E values) for laser pulse initiated photopolymerization have been determined for 1200-2700-&diameter bilayer surfactant vesicles prepared from dioctadecylmethyl(2-[ (4-vinylbenzoy1)-oxylethy1)ammonium bromide (31, from mixtures of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) and vinylbenzoic acid, from mixtures of 3 and DODAB, and from mixtures of 3 and vinylbenzoic acid. q / E values were 1.35 J-' for 1650-A-diameter 3 vesicles, were 0.059 J-' for mixed vesicles prepared from vinylbenzoic acid and DODAB (0.25:l mole fraction), varied between 0.123 and 1.46 J-' for vesicles prepared from different mixtures of DODAB and 3, and varied between 0.16 and 0.314 J-l for different mixtures of vinylbenzoic acid and DODAB. Plots of polymerization rate constants against the mole fraction of 3 in vesicles prepared by cosonicating 3 + DODAB were found to increase curvilinearly to a plateau value, indicating domain formation. Subsequent to vesicle polymerizations, cumulants, weight-and number-average molecular weights of the separated poly(viny1benzoates) and, hence, the average chain lengths were determined by gel exclusion chromatography. The average chain lengths varied from 10 in laser-polymerized 3 vesicles, through 20 in laser-polymerized vesicles prepared from mixtures of DODAB and vinylbenzoic acid, to 40 in laser-polymerized vesicles prepared from mixtures of 3 and vinylbenzoic acid. These relatively small chain lengths were discussed in terms of the restricted geometries prevailing a t intravesicular surface polymerizations. Fluorescence measurements and a Monte Carlo based computer simulation of the photopolymerization were used to substantiate the proposed mechanism of vesicle polymerization.
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